Additional file 1: of Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso

Effect of the co-infestation patterns on the distribution of tick attachment sites. (XLS 98 kb

Change in packed-cell volume in Sarkimata (Adamaoua region, Cameroon) according to the treatment category.

<p>Red stars represent the mean value of PCV and grey points individual data. Note that some dots are superposed and thus not visible.</p

Observed numbers of ticks attached to the control and treated cattle.

<p>The treated cattle received a pour-on formulation of Vectoclor at the start of the study. Red stars represent the mean value of ticks per animals and grey dots individual data. Note that some dots are superposed and thus not visible.</p

Number of ticks per species and sex collected during the preliminary entomological survey

<p>Number of ticks per species and sex collected during the preliminary entomological survey</p

Number of exposure sessions to tsetse flies for each animal by treatment.

<p>Two cattle (B29 and B36) were used alternatively as negative controls during the first replication and as treated animals during the second to reduce the importance of any potential individual effect.</p

Protective rate against <i>G</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>gambiensis</i> blood meal since the initial treatment (in days).

<p>Protective rate against <i>G</i>. <i>p</i>. <i>gambiensis</i> blood meal since the initial treatment (in days).</p

Trypanosomes prevalence of the control and treated cattle.

<p>Treated cattle received a pour-on formulation of Vectoclor at the start of the study. Points represent the mean value of trypanosomes prevalence and vertical bars the standard error.</p

Coefficients of the linear mixed-effects model of ticks infestation for the two groups of cattle in Sarkimata (Adamaoua region, Cameroon).

<p>Coefficients of the linear mixed-effects model of ticks infestation for the two groups of cattle in Sarkimata (Adamaoua region, Cameroon).</p

Coefficients of the generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood of trypanosomosis prevalence for the two groups of cattle in Sarkimata (Adamaoua region, Cameroon).

<p>Coefficients of the generalized linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood of trypanosomosis prevalence for the two groups of cattle in Sarkimata (Adamaoua region, Cameroon).</p

Phylogenetic network with concatenated 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, <i>GroEL</i>, <i>rpoB</i> and <i>dnaK</i> sequences (3009 unambiguously aligned bp), including 71 <i>Coxiella</i>-like strains of ticks, 15 <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> reference strains, and bacterial outgroups.

<p>The four <i>Coxiella</i> clades are labeled A to D. A zoom on the A clade which contains <i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i> isolates is shown in Supplementary Fig C in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004892#ppat.1004892.s001" target="_blank">S1 Text</a>. Each number corresponds to one tick species as detailed in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004892#ppat.1004892.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Blue—<i>Coxiella</i>-like organisms; red—<i>C</i>. <i>burnetii</i>; green—<i>Rickettsiella</i>; black- other bacteria. All multi-locus typing of <i>Coxiella</i> and <i>Rickettsiella</i> of ticks are new sequences from this study. The scale bar is in units of substitution/site.</p