3,909 research outputs found
Time-series cross-sectional environmental performance and disclosure relationship:specific evidence from a less-developed country
This paper relies on ‘vulnerability and exploitability’ framework to submit new insights into legitimacy theory and voluntary disclosure theory using specific empirical evidence from the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The study connects the voluntary and legitimizing disclosure behaviors, regarding carbon emission due to gas flaring, of dominant companies in the Nigerian upstream petroleum sector to the vulnerability and exploitability of Nigeria as a less developed country. The hypothesized relations between gas flaring-related environmental performance and two forms of its disclosure (volume and substance) are estimated and tested using Prais-Winsten regression with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE). While the paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure gas flaring-related carbon performance, the two forms of gas flaring-related disclosures are measured using content analysis. We document significant positive and negative association between gas flaring-related carbon emission performance, on one hand, and the volumetric disclosure and disclosure substance on the other hand. These results imply that while the positive relation confirms the vulnerable nature of Nigeria as a less developed country, the negative relation is linked to the country’s exploitability. It is also empirically established that environmental performance is one of the key factors responsible for the undulating trend in the volume of environmental disclosures by large corporations operating in less-developed countries
The effect of transitioning to renewable energy consumption on the Nigerian oil and gas exports:an ARDL approach
PurposeNet energy importing countries (NEICs) pursue strategic policies to reduce the consumption of energy from conventional sources and increase that of renewable energy to attain energy security and sustainable development. However, net energy exporting countries (NEECs) rely substantially on the proceeds realised from oil and gas exports to mainly NEICs to finance government activities. This paper aims to investigate the effect of increased consumption of renewable energy in developed NEICs on the Nigeria’s oil and gas exports.Design/methodology/approachThe study was undertaken by analysing macro-economic annual time-series data set (1980-2014) using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach.FindingsBoth the short-run and the long-run results of the ARDL modelling reveal that renewable energy consumption in developed NEICs is affecting Nigeria’s oil and gas exports negatively, thereby causing significant decrease in the amounts of revenue being generated therefrom.Research Limitations/implicationsLike most empirical studies, the conduct of this research has encountered some challenges. Thus, the use of rather small sample in terms of period covered (1980-2014), annual frequency of data and focus on one NEEC (Nigeria) are the key limitations of this paper. While the first two challenges were dealt with by using ARDL, future research can focus on other NEECs to extend the study.Practical ImplicationsThe findings have several policy implications, including the need for Nigeria to focus on developing internal market trajectories to increase domestic utilisation of its conventional energy rather than depending on external markets. The results also suggest the need for public policymakers to develop a strategic plan that will effectively address the external economic threat arising from the influence of global energy transition.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first effort to empirically examine the effect of renewable energy consumption by developed NEICs on the Nigeria’s oil and gas exports. The paper contributes to the literature by providing insight into and documenting evidence that the world is taking transitioning to cleaner energy sources very seriously
The impact of corporate characteristics on social and environmental disclosure (CSED):the case of Jordan
The corporate business environment is surrounded by strong public scrutiny from diverse stakeholder groups that are calling on businesses to accept accountability for not only their financial actions, but also the non-financial implications of their activities. Many corporate businesses are today paying attention to the needs of their stakeholders of social and environmental information. As such, in this study we examined how corporate characteristics could influence the amount of Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure (CSED) in the manufacturing sector in Jordan. Firm size, profitability, audit firm, ownership, type of industry and financial market level are the main factors examined in this study. Drawing from Ernst and Ernst methodology, the study developed a disclosure index to measure the amount of CSED for three years (2010, 2011 and 2012). Using panel data regression, we model the relationship between disclosure amount and the key drivers of CSED via random effect estimation. The results of our model indicated that the firm size, type of audit firm and financial performance in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) are significantly associated with the amount of CSED. On the other hand, we also find that firm profitability, age, type of industry and ownership are not related to the practices of CSED
Exploring oil price – exchange rate nexus for Nigeria
This paper investigates the oil price – exchange rate nexus for Nigeria during the period 2007-2010 using daily data. The generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and exponential GARCH (EGARCH) models are employed to examine the impact of oil price changes on the nominal exchange rate .The outcome of this research indicates that a rise in oil prices leads to a depreciation of the Nigerian Naira vis-à-vis the US dollar over the study period.Exchange rate, oil price, Nigeria, GARCH/EGARCH
A Taxonomy for Congestion Control Algorithms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
One of the main criteria in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) that has
attracted the researchers' consideration is congestion control. Accordingly,
many algorithms have been proposed to alleviate the congestion problem,
although it is hard to find an appropriate algorithm for applications and
safety messages among them. Safety messages encompass beacons and event-driven
messages. Delay and reliability are essential requirements for event-driven
messages. In crowded networks where beacon messages are broadcasted at a high
number of frequencies by many vehicles, the Control Channel (CCH), which used
for beacons sending, will be easily congested. On the other hand, to guarantee
the reliability and timely delivery of event-driven messages, having a
congestion free control channel is a necessity. Thus, consideration of this
study is given to find a solution for the congestion problem in VANETs by
taking a comprehensive look at the existent congestion control algorithms. In
addition, the taxonomy for congestion control algorithms in VANETs is presented
based on three classes, namely, proactive, reactive and hybrid. Finally, we
have found the criteria in which fulfill prerequisite of a good congestion
control algorithm
Session Initiation Protocol Attacks and Challenges
In recent years, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has become widely used in
current internet protocols. It is a text-based protocol much like Hyper Text
Transport Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP). SIP is a
strong enough signaling protocol on the internet for establishing, maintaining,
and terminating session. In this paper the areas of security and attacks in SIP
are discussed. We consider attacks from diverse related perspectives. The
authentication schemes are compared, the representative existing solutions are
highlighted, and several remaining research challenges are identified. Finally,
the taxonomy of SIP threat will be presented
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