Effect of Using English as a Medium of Instruction in Primary International Schools on the Children’s first language and Cultural Identity

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in primary international schools on the children’s first language (L1) and cultural identity. More specifically, the study sought to determine whether using EMI has effects on Saudi school students. Furthermore, it sh owed how to preserve our children’s L1 and cultural identity by enhancing the learning that uses the learners’ L1 as a medium of instruction. The study sample consisted of 40 individuals, with 20 secondary and intermediate female students whose primary education was carried out in private international schools and 20 parents of children studying in international schools. The study used a questionnaire as a means of data collection. It used a mixed-methods design, and the data were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The study results showed that the participants understood the importance of learning English as a global language. In addition, it identified that using EMI in primary international schools affects the children’s L1 and their cultural identity; some of the parents suggested that English language learning had had some negative consequences on their children’s Arabic language.

(E)-2-Methyl-6-[(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl­idene]cyclo­hexa­none

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H18N2O, contains two independent mol­ecules. In both, the cyclo­hexane ring adopts a flattened chair conformation, and the 3- and 4-methyl­ene C atoms as well as the methyl C atoms are disordered over two positions, the occupancy of the major component being 68 (1)% in one mol­ecule and 64 (1)% in the other. The phenyl and pyrazole rings in both mol­ecules are approximately coplanar, the r.m.s. deviations being 0.048 and 0.015 Å, respectively. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

2-Amino-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro­benzo[h]quinoline-3-carbonitrile–3-amino-1-phenyl-9,10-dihydro­phenanthrene-2,4-dicarbonitrile (5/3)

The asymmetric unit of the 5:3 title co-crystal of 2-amino-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro­benzo[h]quinoline-3-carbonitrile and 3-amino-1-phenyl-9,10-dihydro­phenanthrene-2,4-dicarbonitrile, 0.625C20H15N3.0.375C22H15N3, has the atoms of the fused-ring system and those of the amino, cyano and phenyl substitutents overlapped. The fused-ring system is buckled owing to the ethyl­ene linkage in the central ring, the two flanking aromatic rings being twisted by 20.1 (1)°. This ethyl­ene portion is disordered over two positions in a 1:1 ratio. The phenyl ring is twisted by 69.5 (1)° relative to the amino- and cyano-bearing aromatic ring. In the crystal, two mol­ecules are linked by an N—H⋯N hydrogen bond, generating a a helical chain along [010]

3-Amino-1-(4-bromo­phen­yl)-9,10-dihydro­phenanthrene-2,4-dicarbonitrile

In the title compound, C22H14BrN3, the fused-ring system is buckled owing to the ethyl­ene linkage in the central ring; the two flanking aromatic rings are twisted by 25.9 (1) ° with respect to each other. The phenyl ring is twisted by 77.0 (1)° relative to the amino- and cyano-bearing aromatic ring. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by two N–H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating a zigzag chain along [101]

Synthesis and characterization of a novel series of benzenesulfonylurea and thiourea derivatives of 2H-pyran and 2H-pyridine-2-ones as antibacterial, antimycobacterial and antifungal agents

Arylhydrazines reacted with dehydroacetic acid (1) to give the corresponding 2H-pyran-2-one hydrazones (2), which on treatment with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding 1-amino-2H-pyridin-2-ones (3). Reaction of 3 with nitrous acid, aromatic aldehyde and substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides yielded the corresponding 2H-pyridine-2-one derivatives. A series of urea and thiourea derivatives were also prepared. Some of these compounds have shown significant antibacterial and mild to moderate antimycobacterial and antifungal activities

3,5-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

In the title mol­ecule, C12H12N2O, the five- and six-membered rings form a dihedral angle of 68.41 (16)°. The aldehyde group is nearly coplanar with the pyrazole ring [C—C—C—O torsion angle = −0.4 (5)°]. The three-dimensional architecture is sustained by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions