Anticoagulant effectiveness of glycosaminoglycan extracted from the scale of Binni, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Cyprinidae)

Fishery wastes are one of natural resources to extract bioactive substances such as collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). The anticoagulant activity of glycosaminoglycans extracted from Binni fish, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi scales was the aim of this study. The cationic salt of cetyl pyridinium chloride was used to extract the glycosaminoglycan. The structure of the isolated glycosaminoglycan was identified by ELISE glycosaminoglycan kit and compared to that of heparin. Prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) on plasma of male mice at three concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 g/ml were used to determine the coagulant property of the extracted substance. The extracted glycosaminoglycan was calculated to be around 27.7 mg/g of dry tissue. The presence of heparin-like molecules in the glycosaminoglycan isolated from fish scales was confirmed by ELISE GAG kit. When the concentration of isolated glycosaminoglycan was increased, the time to coagulate rose. The PT and TT coagulation times were 4:1 and 2:1. Times faster than the control at 100 g/ml. When compared to synthetic anticoagulant substances like heparin, the glycosaminoglycan isolated from fish scales displayed good anticoagulation qualities

Monosodium glutamate induced histological change in the Zona Fasiculata of rats' adrenal and the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C supplementation

Monosodium glutamate in gesting (MSG) is steadily increasing worldwide as a flavour enhancer and food additive. On the other hand, vitamins C has antioxidant properties and can play an important role in preventing or improving many diseases. So, the aim of the present study is to study the impact of MSG administration on the histological structure of the zonafasciculata (ZF) of adult albino rat adrenal cortex and to clarify the possible amelioration effect of vitamin C cosupplementation. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided equally into three groups: group I; negative and positive (received100mg/kg vitamin C) control subgroups. MSG-treated group were administered 2 mg/g body weight MSG via gastric tube andascorbic acid supplemented group were given the same dose of MSG, followed by vitamin C at a dose similar to the positive control group. Tissue sections were obtained and proceeded for light and electron microscope examination. Plasma ACTH and cortisone were estimated. Morphometric and statistical analysis of the results were performed. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels in the MSG-treated group were significantly increased comparing to control and MSGtreated group receiving vitamin C. Histologically, in the MSG-treated group, ZF contained highly vacuolated cells and congested blood vessels. The reticular fibres were increased in MSG-treated group decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Ultrastructurally, ZF contained cells with shrunken nuclei and numerous macrophages containing many lysosomes. On the other hand, the cellular architecture of ascorbic acid supplemented group was less affected and congested blood sinusoids were still detected. The reticular fibres were decreased in ascorbic acid supplemented group. Oral administration of MSG caused histological and functional degenerative changes in the ZF of adrenalin adult male albino rat which was ameliorated by supplementation of vitamin C. So, it is recommended to minimize consumption of foodstuffs containing MSG and to eat foods rich in vitamin C after performing more researchers to be sure of these effects on humans.MS

Design of a modified natural egyptian solar house

The rate of increase in energy consumption and high costs in addition to the depletion of existing resources has a significant impact on our standard of living for next generations. In this case, the priority is to develop alternative cost-effective sources for powering the residential and non-residential buildings. This paper proposes and develops a design of a modified small two-story residential solar house for a medium-sized family located in Cairo, Egypt. This modified solar house meets almost all its energy demands including space heating by using solar air collector with a pebble storage unit in winter and a summer cooling system using wind catcher theory. Hot water is obtained throughout the day by using a steel sheltered water storage tank with a capacity of 1000 liter. Finally, the proposed heating system of the solar house is sized and modeled

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PROCALCITONIN AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN THE PREDICTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

  Objective: This work was delineated to assess procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as prognostic markers for cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: Forty diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD), 40 diabetic patients with CVD, and 20 healthy control counterparts were participated in this study. Serum PCT and CRP levels were assayed and correlated with metabolic parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done for each biochemical marker.Results: The mean level of PCT was 707.17±99.19 ng/l in diabetic patients versus 881.30±123.56 ng/l for the cardio-diabetic patients (p<0.0001). The mean value of CRP was 34.43±17.27 mg/l in diabetic patients versus 50.32±20.19 mg/l for the cardio-diabetic patients (p=0.0003). PCT levels were significantly amplified in the cardio-diabetic patients with increasing CRP, triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and cholesterol (p=0.004, 0.0005, 0.002, and 0.01, respectively). CRP levels were significantly enhanced in the cardio-diabetic patients with increasing TG, FBG, cholesterol, and microalbumin (p=0.002, 0.047, 0.003, and 0.001 respectively). ROC curve analysis for PCT and CRP revealed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.878 and 0.727, respectively. These findings indicate the good validity of the above biomarkers especially PCT as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetic patients.Conclusion: This study evidences the usefulness of measuring serum levels of PCT and CRP in diagnosis of cardiovascular complication in type 2 diabetic patients

Assessing the Impact of Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Extract on Intestinal and Hepatic Histological Alterations in Broiler Chickens Infected with Salmonella typhimurium

This study investigated effects of aqueous and ethanolic clove extracts in small intestine and liver of chickens exposed to Salmonella typhimurium. Two hundred fifty-day-old chicks were divided into five groups. Group 1 served as the control and received a basic diet.Group 2 was orally infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Group 3 received same infection but was treated with Ciprofloxacin. Groups 4 and 5 were infected but received treatments of aqueous and ethanolic clove extracts, respectively. The findings revealed that Group 1 exhibited normal small intestine, while Group 2 displayed severe abnormalities, including flattened mucosa, damaged villi, and inflammation. Group 3 showed improvements, increased cell growth and goblet cells in the small intestine. Group 4 displayed nearly normal intestinal features. Group 5 had fully restored intestinal health. In the liver, Group 1 showed typical hepatic structure, whereas Group 2 exhibited signs of inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis. Group 3 displayed severe hepatocyte damage, while Group 4 demonstrated restored liver structure with slight sinusoidal dilation. Group 5 had a well-preserved hepatic architecture with minor inflammation. Administration of 2 mg/kg of aqueous and ethanolic clove extracts demonstrated alleviate histological alterations in small intestine and liver caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Notably, the aqueous extract is more effective than ethanolic extract in reducing liver and intestine damage

Hydro-Geochemistry and Water Quality Index Assessment in the Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Water quality is crucial to the environmental system and thus its chemistry is important, and can be directly related to the water’s source, the climate, and the geology of the region. This study focuses on analyzing the hydrochemistry of specific locations within the Dakhla Oasis in Egypt. A total of thirty-nine groundwater samples representing the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer (NSSA) and seven surface water samples from wastewater lakes and canals were collected for analysis. Key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured on-site, while major ions and trace elements (Fe+2 and Mn+2) were analyzed in the laboratory. The water quality index (WQI) method was imployed to assess the overall water quality. Hydro-chemical facies were investigated using Piper’s, Scholler’s, and Stiff diagrams, revealing sodium as the dominant cation and chloride, followed by bicarbonate as the dominant anion. The hydro-chemical composition indicates that Na–Cl constitutes the primary water type in this study. This points to the dissolution of evaporates and salt enrichment due to intense evaporation resulting from the region’s hyper-aridity. In groundwater samples, the order of hydro-chemical facies is HCO3 − > Cl− > SO4−2 > Na+ > Ca+2 > K+ > Mg+2, while in wastewater samples, it is Cl− > Na+ >SO4−2 > HCO3− > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+. When considering iron and manganese parameters, the water quality index (WQI) values suggest that most groundwater samples exhibit excellent to good quality but become poor or very poor when these elements are included. This study could prove valuable for water resource management in the Dakhla Oasis

Preparation and Preliminary Dielectric Characterization of Structured C\u3csub\u3e60\u3c/sub\u3e-Thiol-Ene Polymer Nanocomposites Assembled Using the Thiol-Ene Click Reaction

Fullerene-containing materials have the ability to store and release electrical energy. Therefore, fullerenes may ultimately find use in high-voltage equipment devices or as super capacitors for high electric energy storage due to this ease of manipulating their excellent dielectric properties and their high volume resistivity. A series of structured fullerene (C60) polymer nanocomposites were assembled using the thiol-ene click reaction, between alkyl thiols and allyl functionalized C60 derivatives. The resulting high-density C60-urethane-thiol-ene (C60-Thiol-Ene) networks possessed excellent mechanical properties. These novel networks were characterized using standard techniques, including infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric spectra for the prepared samples were determined over a broad frequency range at room temperature using a broadband dielectric spectrometer and a semiconductor characterization system. The changes in thermo-mechanical and electrical properties of these novel fullerene-thiol-ene composite films were measured as a function of the C60 content, and samples characterized by high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss were produced. In this process, variations in chemical composition of the networks were correlated to performance characteristics

PREPARATION AND FLAVOUR EVALUATION OF HIGH QUALITY FREEZE DRIED SEASONING BLEND

Combinations of different spices were used at variable concentrations in the preparation of vari-ous curry blends. The sample showed the highest sensory attributes in comparison with control cur-ry sample was compounded with different spices, onion and garlic at variable concentrations in cor-responding seasoning blend. The oleoresin of the seasoning blend that possessed the highest quality scores was prepared and subjected to freeze drying process after dispersion on suitable carrier. The flavour contribution percentages of the character-istic notes; light sweet top, medium aromatic, full boiled spicy and pungent spicy were calculated for each curry and seasoning blends. The hydro dis-tilled (HD) oils of the selected curry and its con-stituents were subjected to GC-MS analysis. The results revealed the high contribution of the com-ponents possess spicy note in the raw curry sam-ple. The components possess pungent notes showed less representation. β-Caryophellene was the major compounds in the HD oil of raw season-ing blends followed by δ-carene and ar-turmenone. The qualitative and quantitative varia-tion in the volatile compounds separated from the HD oil of the freeze dried sample may be attribut-ed to the interaction between such components and the used carrier (10% maltodextrin in water)