Inheritance of Flower Color in Musk Thistle (\u3ci\u3eCarduus thoermeri\u3c/i\u3e)

Four flower-color phenotypes were observed in a population of musk thistle (Carduus tboermeri Weinm.). This plant has been commonly referred to as C. nutans L. The four phenotypes were: purple corolla and purple pollen, pink corolla and white pollen, white corolla and purple pollen, and white corolla and white pollen. In four generations, 177 self-pollinated individuals of these four phenotypes produced 2123 progeny plants that were classified. Results support the hypothesis that three independent gene pairs were involved in deter- mining the four flower phenotypes. The gene pairs have been designated P/p, W/w, and Pi/pi. It was postulated that all three dominant alleles, P, W, and Pi, must be present to produce both purple corollas and purple pollen. The p allele prevents color development in both corollas and pollen; the w allele eliminates color in corollas but does not affect pollen color; and the pi allele dilutes corolla color from purple to pink and eliminates pollen color. Height measurements of progenies of self-pollinated plants indicated that decreased plant height was associated with inbreeding. On the basis of the evidence presented, the musk thistle plants used in these experiments appear to belong to a single species

Inheritance of Flower Color in Musk Thistle (\u3ci\u3eCarduus thoermeri\u3c/i\u3e)

Four flower-color phenotypes were observed in a population of musk thistle (Carduus tboermeri Weinm.). This plant has been commonly referred to as C. nutans L. The four phenotypes were: purple corolla and purple pollen, pink corolla and white pollen, white corolla and purple pollen, and white corolla and white pollen. In four generations, 177 self-pollinated individuals of these four phenotypes produced 2123 progeny plants that were classified. Results support the hypothesis that three independent gene pairs were involved in deter- mining the four flower phenotypes. The gene pairs have been designated P/p, W/w, and Pi/pi. It was postulated that all three dominant alleles, P, W, and Pi, must be present to produce both purple corollas and purple pollen. The p allele prevents color development in both corollas and pollen; the w allele eliminates color in corollas but does not affect pollen color; and the pi allele dilutes corolla color from purple to pink and eliminates pollen color. Height measurements of progenies of self-pollinated plants indicated that decreased plant height was associated with inbreeding. On the basis of the evidence presented, the musk thistle plants used in these experiments appear to belong to a single species

Cytochromes and the Succinic Acid Oxidase System of Poky Strains of Neurospora

Recent investigations in this laboratory (1) have demonstrated that in Neurospora crassa growth characteristics representing at least two stable states are possible with the same constitution of nuclear genes. If a slow growing strain, designated poky, functions in a cross to wild type as the maternal or protoperithecial parent, then all progeny from the cross exhibit the poky character. If the cross is made in the reverse, or reciprocal manner, that is, with the wild type strain functioning as a protoperithecial parent, then all progeny are normal in growth rate. During the course of the work on inheritance it was observed that mycelial pads from poky were characterized by a red color reminiscent of that of the heme pigments. Examinations of suspensions and extracts of the mold with a spectroscope yielded the information that poky mycelium contains large quantities of a substance having the absorption spectrum characteristic of cytochrome c, whereas the bands corresponding to cytochromes o and b were not visible. All three of these components were detected easily in the wild type strain. The experimental results presented here provide more precise information on the similarities and differences between these two strains with respect to the cytochrome and the succinic acid oxidase systems. Preliminary observations suggested that poky in Neurospora is analogous to petite in yeast (2) in which abnormalities in the succinic acid oxidase system have been reported, but this analogy is shown here to be only a partial one

The Effects of Grace Interventions in Church Communities

Grace remains little studied though several recent studies have developed promising ways to measure grace. Here we report two studies involving grace interventions as part of an ongoing investigation of positive psychology in the context of Christian church communities, Study One used a crossover design in which two congregations were measured on grace and other variables at the outset, and again after phases one and two. One congregation received a grace intervention during phase one and the second during phase two. Results showed increased scores on grace but not an expected increase in marital satisfaction among married participants. Study Two used a similar design with two additional congregations to assess effects of a grace intervention on selfforgiveness. As expected, congregants receiving the grace intervention showed increases in trait self-forgiveness when compared to those in the wait-list

Combining Ability in Forage Sorghum Hybrids

Two cross-classified hybrid forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] experiments were conducted at Mead, NE: Experiment 1 (3 females x 8 males), in 1973-75, and Experiment 2 (13 females x 2 males), in 1974-75. Data were collected on plant height, days to bloom, forage yield, percent dry matter (DM), percent protein, and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) in both experiments and percent Brix in Experiment 1. Differences among hybrids averaged over females or over males were significant for each trait in one parental group or the other in each test except IVDMD in Test 1 and DM in Test 2. All traits were signficant for hybrid entries in both tests. Interactions of traits with years were often significant and, with the few degrees of freedom in F-tests, contributed to the nonsignificance of yield among females in Test 1 and males in Test 2. Genetic ratios indicated that general combining ability often was relatively high for days to bloom, height, DM, and forage yield; and was of some importance for IVDMD and Brix. Specific combining ability was most important for protein. Correlations among traits indicated that high forage yield often was positively correlated with tall height and late maturity; was negatively correlated with DM, protein, and IVDMD; and was not associated with Brix

Seed Weight Influence on Seedling Hydrocyanic Acid Potential in Sorghum

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) typically produces larger seeds than sudangrass [S. bicolor, formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf); and grain sorghum seedlings are higher in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) than sudangrass seedlings. Previous studies have shown a seed-parent effect on seed weight and HCN-p in reciprocal F1 hybrids of sorghum X sudangrass. This study was conducted to determine whether the seed-parent effect on HCN-p could be attributed primarily to the difference in seed size between reciprocal sorghum X sudangrass hybrids. Large and small seeds of low-HCN-p sudangrass, high-HCN-p sorghum, and their reciprocal hybrids, were visually selected, individually weighed, and planted in growth chambers. Height, fresh weight, and HCN-p of the resulting 7-d-old shoots were measured. On average, the selected large seeds weighed ≈ 1.6 times as much as the small seeds. Shoots from the large seeds were ≈ 1.2 times as tall and 1.4 times as heavy as those from small seeds, and they contained ≈ 1.3 times as much HCN per shoot as did shoots from small seeds. However, the HCN-p (mg kg-I fresh wt.) of the shoots from large seeds was only slightly greater than that of shoots from small seeds (709 and 701 for first leaves of shoots, and 278 and 267 for shoot remainders from large and small seeds, respectively). Shoots from 5-d-old light-grown and etiolated seedlings also failed to show appreciable differences in HCN-p due to seed size. It was concluded that the seed-parent effect on shoot HCN-p in crosses of sorghum and sudangrass was not caused primarily by the seed-parent effect on seed weight

Special Lagrangian cones with higher genus links

For every odd natural number g=2d+1 we prove the existence of a countably infinite family of special Lagrangian cones in C^3 over a closed Riemann surface of genus g, using a geometric PDE gluing method.Comment: 48 page

Forage Quality and Performance of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected for Differing Digestibility

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. \u27Trailblazer\u27 (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P \u3c .05) ADG than \u27Pathfinder\u27 and \u27low-IVDMD\u27. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between .3 and .5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition

Foraging Quality and Performance of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected for Differing Digestibility

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials. All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. \u27Trailblazer\u27 (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P \u3c .05) ADG than \u27Pathfinder\u27 and \u27low-IVDMD\u27. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between 0.3 and 0.5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition

Foraging Quality and Performance of Yearlings Grazing Switchgrass Strains Selected for Differing Digestibility

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass commonly used as summer pasture. Three strains of switchgrass with different in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) values were evaluated with yearling cattle (Bos taurus) in three replicated grazing trials. All strains were similar in genetic background, maturity and yield potential. \u27Trailblazer\u27 (high-IVDMD) resulted in higher (P \u3c .05) ADG than \u27Pathfinder\u27 and \u27low-IVDMD\u27. Available forage of Trailblazer had higher IVDMD than Pathfinder and low-IVDMD. The IVDMD differences among strains were similar throughout the season; IVDMD declined between 0.3 and 0.5 percentage units per day. Forage availability, CP, NDF and ADF, permanganate lignin and ash were similar among strains. This study documents that plant breeders can select switchgrass plants for higher IVDMD and that strains consisting of progeny of these plants can result in higher animal gains than strains consisting of progeny of unselected or low-IVDMD plants with similar genetic background, forage yield, maturity, morphology and chemical composition