3 research outputs found

    Litter selfie : a citizen science guide for photorecording macroplastic deposition along mountain rivers using a smartphone

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    Macroplastic pollution in mountain rivers can threaten water resources, biodiversity, and the recreational values provided by them. The first step towards evaluating and then mitigating these risks is the systematic collection of reliable and spatially uniform data on the amount and type of macroplastics deposited in different land covers occurring in a mountain river channel. To maximise the opportunity for the large-scale collection of such data using the citizen science approach, we propose in this study an illustrated step-by-step guide to sample the macroplastic deposited along mountain rivers and to record the collected information using a photo taken by smartphone and a simple online form. Our guide includes three steps: (i) the location of sampling plots across 3-4 predefined surface covers occurring in mountain rivers of temperate climate, (ii) the hand collection of macroplastic deposited in them, and (iii) the photorecording and archiving of information on macroplastics collected using a smartphone and an online form. The proposed guide can allow for the low-cost collection of data on macroplastic deposition in mountain rivers on regional and global scales. The collected data can be further analysed by environmental scientists to quantify the amount and types of macroplastic deposited and to evaluate the resulting risks. They can be also used as illustrative materials to increase the awareness of local communities about the plastic pollution problem

    Spatio-temporal distribution of wildlife鈥搗ehicle collisions in the Polish Carpathians between 2015 and 2021

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    Problem zdarze艅 drogowych z udzia艂em zwierz膮t jest powszechnym problemem w polskiej cz臋艣ci Karpat. W ostatnich latach na obszarze ca艂ej Polski dochodzi do coraz wi臋kszej ich liczby. W wyniku tego zdrowie i 偶ycie trac膮 setki ludzi i dziesi膮tki tysi臋cy zwierz膮t, co ma r贸wnie偶 znacz膮cy, negatywny wp艂yw na 艣rodowisko przyrodnicze. W poni偶szej pracy przeprowadzono analiz臋 oraz sporz膮dzono charakterystyk臋 poszczeg贸lnych czynnik贸w wp艂ywaj膮cych na zwi臋kszenie ryzyka kolizji pojazd贸w ze zwierz臋tami, a tak偶e opracowano ich czasowe i przestrzenne rozmieszczenie w latach 2015-2021. Jako czynniki w najwi臋kszym stopniu wp艂ywaj膮ce na ryzyko wyst膮pienia zdarze艅 drogowych z udzia艂em zwierzyny wskazano: nat臋偶enie ruchu na danej drodze, warunki o艣wietleniowe oraz do艣wiadczenie i wiek kieruj膮cego pojazdem. Do du偶ej liczby kolizji dochodzi艂o w najwi臋kszych miastach, co ma zwi膮zek z bardzo du偶ym zag臋szczeniem sieci drogowej w ich granicach. Najwi臋ksz膮 liczb臋 kolizji przypadaj膮c膮 na kilometr drogi odnotowano w gminach po艂o偶onych w p贸艂nocnej cz臋艣ci polskich Karpat, a tak偶e we wschodniej cz臋艣ci wojew贸dztwa podkarpackiego oraz na obszarach pogranicza wojew贸dztw 艣l膮skiego i ma艂opolskiego. Pod wzgl臋dem czasowym, do najwi臋kszej liczby kolizji, dochodzi w dw贸ch szczytach: porannym i wieczornym, w ci膮gu tygodnia podczas weekend贸w (sobota do poniedzia艂ku), a podczas ca艂ego roku w okresie wiosennym i jesiennym.The problem of wildlife-vehicle collision (WVCs) is common in the Polish Carpathians. In the following years, their number increases throughout Poland. As a result, hundreds of people and tens of thousands of animals are losing their health and lives. It is a significant negative impact on the natural environment. In the following work, the analysis of individual factors influencing the increased risk of collisions between vehicles and animals was carried out, and their spatial and temporal distribution was developed. The following factors were indicated as factors affecting the risk of road incidents with the participation of animals to the greatest extent: traffic intensity of Carpathians roads, lighting conditions as well as experience and age of the vehicle driver. The greatest number of collisions took place in the largest cities, which is related to the very high density of the road network within their borders. The highest number of collisions per kilometer of road was recorded in communes located in the northern part of the Polish Carpathians, as well as in the eastern part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship and in the border areas of the 艢l膮skie and Ma艂opolskie voivodships. In temporal analyses, the highest number of collisions occurs in two peaks: morning and evening, especially during weekends (Saturday to Monday). Most of the collisions also occurred during the spring and autumn
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