Suppressed renal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression and activation after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, representative immunoblot images of PGC-1α; <b>B</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of PGC-1α by densitometry; <b>C</b>, PGC-1α mRNA detected by qPCR; <b>D</b>, representative immunoblot images of acetylated lysine residues (Ac-Lys) of immunoprecipitated (IP) PGC-1α; <b>E</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of Ac-Lys. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Inhibited renal mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) expression and decreased renal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, representative immunoblot images of Tfam; <b>B</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of Tfam by densitometry; <b>C</b>, Tfam mRNA detected by qPCR; <b>D</b>, relative mitochondrial DNA copy number detected by qPCR. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Increased renal mitophagy after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, representative immunoblot images of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3); <b>B</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of PINK-1 by densitometry; <b>C</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of LC3 by densitometry. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Suppressed renal mitochondrial dynamics after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, representative immunoblot images of Drp-1, fissin-1 (Fis-1) and mitofusin-1 (Mfn-1); <b>B</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of Drp-1 by densitometry; <b>C</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of Fis-1 by densitometry; <b>D</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of Mfn-1 by densitometry. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Suppressed renal function after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and blood was collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>: serum creatinine; <b>B</b>: blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 4/group).</p

Renal injury after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, H&E-stained slides; black arrow, necrotic tubules; black double arrow head, loss of brush border; white arrow, hyaline cast formation; white double arrow head, infiltrated leukocytes and other cell debris in tubular lumen. <b>B</b>, representative immunoblot images of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3); <b>C</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of NGAL by densitometry; <b>D</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of CC3 by densitometry. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Decreases in renal ATP synthase-β (AS-β) and NADH dehydrogenase-3 (ND3) expression after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, representative immunoblot images of AS-β and ND3; <b>B</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of AS-β by densitometry; <b>C</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of ND3; <b>D</b>, detection of AS-β mRNA by qPCR; <b>E</b>, detection of ND3 mRNA by qPCR. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Renal leukocyte infiltration after liver transplantation.

<p>Transplantation was performed as described in “Methods” and kidneys were collected 18 h after sham-operation (<b>Sham</b>) or liver transplantation (<b>LTX</b>). <b>A</b>, representative immunoblot images of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ED-1; <b>B</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of MPO by densitometry; <b>C</b>, quantification of immunoblot images of ED-1 by densitometry. Values are mean ± SEM. **p<0.01 vs sham (n = 3-4/group).</p

Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) activation by CsA: reversal by green tea polyphenols.

<p>Rats were fed semi-synthetic powdered diets containing 0% (<b>Control</b>) or 0.1% polyphenol extracts (<b>Polyphenols</b>) starting 3 days prior to CsA treatment (25 mg/kg, <i>i.g.</i> for 3 weeks). Renal PGC-1α was immunoprecipitated, equally loaded, and acetylated lysine (Ac-Lys) and PGC-1α were determined by immunoblotting. Representative images are shown in <b>A</b> and quantification by densitometry is shown in <b>B</b>. a, p<0.05 <i>vs.</i> control diet+vehicle; b, p<0.05 <i>vs.</i> polyphenol-containing diet+vehicle; c, p<0.05 <i>vs.</i> control diet+CsA (n = 4 per group).</p

Sources for Animals and Chemicals.

<p>Alda-1, <i>N</i>-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; calcein-AM, calcein acetoxymethyl ester, 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal adducts; MAA, malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts; TMRM, tetramethylrhodamine methylester.</p