行政の役割と協働のパートナーとしてのコミュニティ

戦後の福祉国家思想の下で肥大化した行政を見直すために、ＮＰＭと呼ばれる行政の効率化が進められてきたが、ここにきて行き過ぎたグローバル化による社会不安の増大によって行政への期待が再度高まっている。しかし、巨額の財政赤字の下、行政領域の縮小が避けられないとすれば、行政とコミュニティとの間の協働によって行政領域の縮小分を代替する以外に差し当たり方法がない。財政破綻を起こした夕張では、国の管理の下で厳しい財政再建が進み、行政領域は否応なく縮小している。しかし、そこで見出される地域再生に向けた自立的で自己組織化されたコミュニティ活動こそ、今後のコミュニティ・協働政策のあり方を示唆するものである。To restructure administrative organization that expands under the welfare state idea in postwar days, the improvement for efficiency of administration that is called NPM has been executed. Recently, the expectation for administrative service arises again because of the change in social environments such as globalization and population decrease, etc. However, the restructure administrative organization is not avoided in immense budget deficits. Therefore, it is necessary to substitute the reduction of administrative service by co-production between administration and community. In Yubari that goes bankrupt, the administrative service is going to be decreased by severe fiscal reconstruction under the management of the country. But, the independent and selforganized community for the regional reproduction which is found there suggests the direction of policy that should be performed

日本型バス・パートナーシップの課題 : 札幌市内9路線の廃止を巡る混乱を例にして

乗合バス事業は、地域の公共交通の中心を担ってきたが、自家用車の普及、地下鉄の整備、人口の減少等によって、構造的な赤字体質に陥っている。2002年の規制緩和で乗合バス事業の参入・撤退の自由が認められたことによって、危惧された「市民の足は守られるか？」が現実のものになろうとしている。本稿は、地域のバスネットワークを維持するために、民間企業の収益主義を警戒するだけでなく、その公共性を受け入れた新たな補助制度の必要性を指摘する。The bus business that has occupied the center of public traffic in the region has fallen into a structural deficit constitution by the spread of private cars, the constitution of subway networks and the decline in population etc. "Is citizens' public transportation maintained ?" is becoming the problem of the reality, by free of the entry or withdrawal of the bus business having been admitted by the deregulation in 2002. To maintain the bus network in the region,this text points out the necessity of a new subsidy system that not only watches the earnings principle of the private company but also accepts the public role of it

Development and Decline of Port City: Comparison between Kobe and Sakai

本論文では、港湾都市としての視点から神戸と堺の関係を歴史的に考察する。神戸市と堺市は、ともに港湾主導で発展してきた港湾都市である。しかし近隣の大都市である大阪市の直近の人口は増加し、加えて京都市の人口が横ばいないし微増であるにもかかわらず、神戸市と堺市の人口は減少している。その原因は、地域の成長を牽引する産業が育っていないことにあり、現在の両市は、次の発展段階を臨む踊り場に立っている。港湾都市は、取り扱う旅客や貨物を外部の地域に依存するがゆえに盛衰の幅が大きい。海港に空港も含めて両市を港湾都市としてみるならば、神戸も堺もともに大阪の外港としての機能を持っており、両市の盛衰は大阪との関係性によって左右される「シーソーゲーム」である。歴史的観点から港湾都市としての神戸と堺の関係を考察する。In this paper, we consider the relationship between Kobe and Sakai from a perspective of port city. Kobe and Sakai are both port cities developed under the initiative of the port. However, despite the current population of Osaka, a neighboring big city, is increasing,in addition to being flat in Kyoto,the population of Kobe and Sakai is decreasing. The reason is why industries leading the growth of the region are not growing up. Both cities are in the landing where the next stage of growth is going. The port city has a wide range of development and decline because its handling cargoes depend on external areas. As a port city, Kobe and Sakai have functions as outer harbours in Osaka, so the development and decline of the two cities is a "seesaw game" where the relationship with Osaka affects the rise and fall of both cities

Consideration of the Concept of Related Population : Focusing on the Relationship with Tourism Town Development

原田輝彦教授退職記念

Renovation of Old Private Houses and Townhouses as Local Resources : Focusing on Renovation Cases in Southern Osaka

本研究はJSPS研究費JP17K02054の助成を受けたものである

Epigenetic modulation of Fgf21 in the perinatal mouse liver ameliorates diet-induced obesity in adulthood

The nutritional environment to which animals are exposed in early life can lead to epigenetic changes in the genome that influence the risk of obesity in later life. Here, we demonstrate that the fibroblast growth factor-21 gene (Fgf21) is subject to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α–dependent DNA demethylation in the liver during the postnatal period. Reductions in Fgf21 methylation can be enhanced via pharmacologic activation of PPARα during the suckling period. We also reveal that the DNA methylation status of Fgf21, once established in early life, is relatively stable and persists into adulthood. Reduced DNA methylation is associated with enhanced induction of hepatic FGF21 expression after PPARα activation, which may partly explain the attenuation of diet-induced obesity in adulthood. We propose that Fgf21 methylation represents a form of epigenetic memory that persists into adulthood, and it may have a role in the developmental programming of obesity