Outbreak of epidemic diseases and stock returns: an event study of emerging economy

The massive contagion diseases such as COVID-19 amongst others, has affected nearly all the economies and business concerns that leads to substantial decline in the cashflows and returns dynamics. Considering the same, this paper intends to investigate the impact of outbreak of epidemic diseases on the stock return (observed through cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR)) for the listed banks in Pakistan from 2011 to 2020. Event study method was employed and five days pre and ten days post event of each disease were observed as an event window. The results confirm that none of the epidemic disease outbreak significantly determines the CAAR for all listed banks, except COVID-19 and Dengue Fever during the event day. There is a negative and significant impact of COVID-19 on the stock returns for all the banks in Pakistan from the event day to day eight except day seven. More specifically, COVID-19 is found to be a significant indicator for the stock returns of private banks. However, in case of public listed banks, only the outbreak of HIV cases possesses significant and positive impact on CAAR at the day of event. These findings would guide all stakeholders such as investors, financial analysts, regulators, and chief risk officers specifically in banks to make strategic decisions while analyzing the relationship between epidemic outbreaks and stock returns

Modeling the impact of corporate social responsibility on sustainable purchase intentions: insights into brand trust and brand loyalty

Green innovation performance deals with the strengthening of the organizations for their competence in enhancement of their green image. Current research examines the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in improving sustainable purchase intentions. In addition, it explores the mediating roles of brand trust and brand loyalty. It also reveals that how CSR is crucial for green innovation performance in Pakistan. This research uses the structural equation model (SEM) analysis technique to investigate the linkage between constructs in the complex research model. This uses a self-administrated survey-based questionnaire and a convenience sampling technique for data collection. The unit of analysis is buyers from textile and clothing brands consisting 373 respondents. The findings revealed that corporate social responsibility had a beneficial impact on Pakistani purchasers’ long-term purchase intentions. Green innovation performance can also be improved by improving CSR. The link between CSR, sustainable buying intentions, and green innovation technology is partially mediated by brand loyalty. Brand trust was identified as a possible link between CSR and brand loyalty. Brand trust and loyalty, interestingly, modulate the link between CSR and sustainable purchase intentions as well as CSR and green innovation performance in a sequential manner. The article’s findings will be useful for academics, specialists, and policymakers as these provide glimpse into textile, clothing, and fashion brands with a focus on CSR to improve green innovation performance, as well as highlighting the most relevant studies on the topic and showcasing trends in research and gaps in the field

The Conditional Analysis of Principals Bullying Teachers Reasons in The Surroundings of The City

Centered on teachers intimidation by officials, this paper (a) discusses how management incompetence favors their emergence, (b) how teachers can see it, and (c) whether or not this issue impairs teacher success. Empirical findings indicate that teacher efficiency improves with inspiration, a good environment, and not bullied or upset by principals. The results suggest that the principal cause to be blamed is the teachers negligence. Teacher teamwork will play a part in curbing this violence. Take the time and position constraints into account for the analysis, where 15 hours of monitoring may not be enough time to analyze this kind. Furthermore, qualitative research was conducted in and out of Beirut classrooms. As a consequence, the findings of this study are generalized in the surroundings of the city

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE TOURISM INDUSTRY ON THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT TOURIST DESTINATION SATISFACTION

This study examines variables in explaining the factors that affect tourist destination satisfaction among local tourists in Langkawi, Malaysia. The objectives of this study include examining the relationship between natural environment and tourist destination satisfaction, examining the relationship between cultural and historical environment and tourist destination satisfaction, and examining the relationship between infrastructure and tourist destination satisfaction. This quantitative study incorporated a convenience sampling technique where the responses were taken from 275 respondents among local tourists in Malaysia through an online survey. Pearson Correlation was used in this research to investigate the relationship between the natural environment and tourist destination satisfaction, the relationship between cultural and historical environment and tourist destination satisfaction, and the relationship between infrastructure and tourist destination satisfaction. The result shows there were high positive relationship between the natural environment and cultural and historical environment with tourist destination satisfaction, while the infrastructure factor has low positive correlation with tourist destinations satisfaction

Student Motivation in Outdoor Recreation Engagement: Examining the Validity and Reliability of the Measuring Instruments

Motivation is a detailed, wide-researched concept in the tourism field, and it is often associated with the pull and push factors and their influence on student behaviour. Hence, using a quantitative method through a questionnaire survey, this study aims to measure motivation and its roles in influencing higher education students to engage in outdoor recreation activities. A total of 150 respondents had participated in this study and the data gathered from the questionnaires were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 26 statistical software. Priorly, expert evaluations were conducted to measure the reliability, content validity, face validity, and normality of the data. The pilot study has verified the reliability of the measuring instrument, while the data evidenced rational normality. Overall, the findings supported the measuring instruments proposed in this study for further research

The Effect of Core Competencies as a Moderator between Perceived Value and Destination Image in Green Hotel: An Assessment using Structural Equation Modeling Technique with Partial Least Square (i.e. PLS-SEM).

Abstract— This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of moderating factor namely Core Competencies on the relationship between the perceived Value and Destination Image among green hotel customers in Malaysia. This quantitative research was performed using a survey method through questionnaires. The total of 450 samples selection of data from guests who stayed in Malaysia certified green hotels were collected.  The results of the Structural Equation Modeling technique with Partial Least Square (i.e. PLS-SEM) revealed that the Core Competencies was found to have significant and positive moderator effect on the relationship between the perceived Value and Destination Image. Moreover, the effect of Perceived Value toward Destination Image was stronger, when the impact of Core Competencies is strong, as compared to the situation when Core Competencies is low, which is the effect of Perceived Value toward Destination Image tends to reduce. This study suggested that Green hotel investment for the development of core competencies in green segments was helpful to hotel industry for the enhancement of perceived value and destination image. Keywords—Moderator effect; core Competencies; perceived value; destination image; partial least square (PLS-SEM) Â

Analyzing the Impact of Lockdown in Controlling COVID-19 Spread and Future Prediction

COVID-19 outbreaks are the critical challenge to the administrative units of all worldwide nations. India is also more concerned about monitoring the virus’s spread to control its growth rate by stringent behaviour. The present COVID-19 situation has huge impact in India, and the results of various preventive measures are discussed in this paper. This research presents different trends and patterns of data sources of States that suffered from the second wave of COVID-19 in India until 3rd July 2021. The data sources were collected from the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. This work reacts particularly to many research activities to discover the lockdown effects to control the virus through traditional methods to recover and safeguard the pandemic. The second wave caused more losses in the economy than the first wave and increased the death rate. To avoid this, various methods were developed to find infected cases during the regulated national lockdown, but the infected cases still harmed unregulated incidents. The COVID-19 forecasts were made on 3rd July 2021, using exponential simulation. This paper deals with the methods to control the second wave giving various analyses reports showing the impact of lockdown effects. This highly helps to safeguard from the spread of the future pandemic

Making a difference through Internal Audit Leadership and Enterprise Risk Management

The common viewpoint of the internal accounting activities must be rejuvenated. It is about performing the conventional audit, but rather a wider outlook and a much greater position in improving organizations strategic priorities. Furthermore, considering their indispensable critical position in controlling enforcement, performance, and efficiency, it is different than everybody thinks of external auditors (CPAs) that execute a financial and accounting audit. The internal audit is an impartial, analytical assurance and advisory service intended to add value and optimize a companys activities. The internal audit covers a broad range of forms, such as the audit of conformity, organizational audit, financial audit, I.T. audit, economy and performance auditing, environmental audit, etc. How does the transition from a classical point of view of human resource management to a modern view of human resources experts core position as strategic collaborators turn the internal audit into a strategy analyst, display leadership, and deeply build a direction within organizational risk management? The study would also discuss data and interpretation and hypotheses to offer a deeper explanation and change stakeholders perceptions

Visitor revisit intention and perceived values towards Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park, Sabah

Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park (TARMP) in Sabah, Malaysia is made up of five beautiful islands worthy of attention from domestic and international tourists owing to the richness of natural resources that the visitors could not resist. As a result, the perceived hedonic and utilitarian values will eventually influence the intention of the visitors to revisit this destination in the future. Many studies have been conducted to understand visitor revisit intention in relation to hedonic and utilitarian values at shopping malls, restaurants, or hotels; however, further studies are yet to be conducted in the context of tourist destinations, especially Marine Park. Hence, this study aims to examine the perceived hedonic and utilitarian values of visitors and their revisit intention to Tunku Abdul Rahman Marine Park. A set of 146 questionnaires was distributed to the domestic tourists using a convenience sampling technique and the results showed that that the hedonic and utilitarian values are among the factors of motivation that attract the visitors to revisit TARMP. This study contributes to new perspectives of visitor revisit intention, especially in the context of tourism. This study also offers practical implications for the tourism board to plan the marketing strategies to attract more visitors to TARMP in the future

Adventure tourism: a study of Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Sabah

Adventure tourism is one of the main travel activities in the world. For instance, adventure tourism is among the primary contributors to the economy in Sabah, which is undertaken by most travellers who visit the state. This study was conducted to identify the perceptions of the local Sabahan visitors regarding adventure tourism activities at Tunku Abdul Rahman Park. Other than identifying the services and activities offered at Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, this study also seeks to examine how adventure tourism activities impact the environment of the islands. A 300 set of self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to the local visitors of Tunku Abdul Rahman Park islands (Manukan, Mamutik, Sapi, and Gaya). It was found that the majority of the local visitors indeed know about adventure tourism activities and they were satisfied with the services and activities offered at Tunku Abdul Rahman Park. While adventure tourism activities are deemed unharmful to the environment as they are believed to benefit the economy, it remains imperative that the infrastructure on the islands be improved. This study will benefit policymakers and tourism operators in Malaysia, especially in Sabah with insightful findings for the Sabah Parks management and Sabah Tourism Board in undertaking promotional ideas that pique the interests of potential tourists to visit the islands whilst sustaining the long-term environment of the islands