Data ontherelationshipbetweenbromide contentandtheformationpotential of THMs,HAAs,andHANsuponchlorination and monochloraminationofKaroon Riverwater,Iran

This dataarticlereportstherelationshipbetweenofthebromide ion concentrationandtheformationpotentialofdisinfectant byproducts(DBPs)including,trihalomethanes(THMs),haloacetic acids (HAAs),andhaloacetonitriles(HANs)uponchlorinationand monochloramination oftherawwaterofKaroonRiverwaterin Iran.Watersampleswerecollectedatanintakeofadrinkingwater treatment plantduringJuly2014.Alltestswereperformedintri- plicate (n¼3) andthemeanofthreemeasurementsreported herein. ThedataoftheformationpotentialofDBPswasdeter- mined underdifferentbromideionscontent.Thedatashowthe relationship betweenbromideconcentrationandDBPsformation that willbeusefulinthefuturemanagement,operationanddesign of watertreatmentplants. & 2016TheAuthors.PublishedbyElsevierInc.Thisisanopen access articleundertheCCBYlicens

Optimization of pyrene removal from contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation process

ABSTRACT The electrokinetic remediation process has been intensively investigated by many researchers as a novel technique to remove different pollutants from soil. The process utilizes a direct-current electric field to soils to insert some process such as electroosmosis and electrolytic migration. In the present study, the removal of pyrene as a model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The electrokinetic experiment was performed using an electrokinetic setup that includes an electric power supply, a plexiglass soil box and two square stainless steel electrodes electrodes. In the optimum condition, electrode type, moisture and voltage were determined as stainless steel, 30% and 12 volt, respectively. Pyrene removal efficiency in optimum condition estimated 80.05 %. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited a reasonable correlation coefficient between the predicted and experimental values (R2=0.95).These results showed that electrokinetic remediation process could be applied as an efficient technique for pyrene removal

A novelmethodforextractionofaproteinous coagulant from Plantago ovata seeds forwater treatmentpurposes

Severalchemicalshavebeenappliedintheprocessofcoagulantextractionfromherbalseeds,andthebest extractionhasbeenobtainedinthepresenceofKClorNaNO3 [1–3], andNaCl [4]. However,themainchallenge posed tothesemethodsofcoagulantextractionistheirrelativelylowefficiency forwatertreatmentpurposesand the formationofdissolvedorganicmatterduringthetreatmentprocess.Inthesemethodsthesalts,whichhavea one-valancemetal(Na+ and K+), aredepositedintheinternalstructureandtheporeofthecoagulant,andmaybe useful forthecoagulation/flocculation process.Inthisresearch,wefoundthatmodified methodsproducedmore dense protein.Therefore,themodified procedurewasbetterthantheolderoneforremovalofturbidityand harness fromthecontaminatedwater.Herewedescribeamethodwhere: � AccordingtotheHardy–Schulze rule,weappliedtheFe3+ ions insteadofNa+ and K+ for theextractionofprotein from Plantago ovata seeds. � The methodwasnarrowedtoextractproteinbyethanol(defatting)andammoniumacetateandCM-Sepharose (proteinextraction). � Two consecutiveelutriationsofcrudeextractwasdirectlyperformedusing0.025-MFeCl3 and 0.05-MFeCl3 according tothebasisoftheion-exchangeprocesses

Health risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals in dairy products collected from Bushehr, Iran

Background: Assessment of dairy products can identify the presence of heavy metals in them that poses a serious threat to human health and is a major concern on a global scale. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the heavy metal concentrations in dairy products and their potential risks in urban areas in Bushehr city, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 dairy product samples (16 milk, 14 yoghurt, 15 cheeses, 13butter, 11 dough, and 12 creams) were collected randomly from dairy shops in Bushehr city, Iran and analyzed by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The results of this research showed that the concentrations of lead in cream and butter were significantly higher than in milk and yoghurt samples (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of cadmium in cream and cheese were significantly higher than in milk samples (P < 0.05). Moreover, zinc contents in cheese and cream were significantly higher than in milk and butter (P < 0.05). The concentrations of Cu were significantly higher in butter and cream than in milk, cheese, and dough samples. Conclusion: The findings of the work obviously demonstrated that the daily intake of dairy products involved a tolerable amount of Pb and Cd. Therefore, the intake of dairy products in the study area is almost without potential risks

Application of pier waste sludge for catalytic activation of proxy-monosulfate and phenol elimination from a petrochemical wastewater

This investigation aimed to remove phenol from real wastewater (taken from a petrochemical company) by activating peroxy-monosulfate (PMS) using catalysts extracted from pier waste sludge. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were evaluated by FE-SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTG tests. The functional groups of O–H, C–H, CO32−, C–H, C–O, N–H, and C–N were identified on the catalyst surface. Also, the crystallinity of the catalyst before and after reaction with petrochemical wastewater was 103.4 nm and 55.8 nm, respectively. Operational parameters of pH (3–9), catalyst dose (0–100 mg/L), phenol concentration (50–250 mg/L), and PMS concentration (0–250 mg/L) were tested to remove phenol. The highest phenol removal rate (94%) was obtained at pH=3, catalyst dose of 80 mg/L, phenol concentration of 50 mg/L, PMS concentration of 150 mg/L, and contact time of 150 min. Phenol decomposition in petrochemical wastewater followed the first-order kinetics (k> 0.008 min−1, R2> 0.94). Changes in pH factor were very effective on phenol removal efficiency, and maximum efficiency (≈83%) was achieved in pH 3. The catalyst stability test was performed for up to five cycles, and phenol removal in the fifth cycle was reduced to 42%. Also, the energy consumption in this study was 77.69 kW h/m3. According to the results, the pier waste sludge catalyst/PMS system is a critical process for eliminating phenol from petrochemical wastewater

Efficient degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol using photocatalytic ozonation with nano-zinc oxide impregnated granular activated carbon (ZNO–GAC)

In this paper, the catalytic capability of nano-zinc oxide impregnated granular activated carbon (ZnO–GAC) in photocatalysis and ozonation hybrid system was studied. ZnO–GAC hybrid was prepared by co-precipitation method. FeSEM, XRD, FTIR, EDAX were applied to characterize the structure and morphological feature. 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2N) was employed as model pollutant to evaluate the catalytic ability of ZnO-GAC. The effect of GAC content and stability of ZnO-GAC in photocatalytic ozonation was also evaluated. The findings indicated that photocatalytic ozonation of 4C2N with ZnO-GAC hybrid was a very efficient technique for 4C2N degradation. The TOC removal efficiency found 100% by ZnO-GAC/O3/UV in 55 min, which is 1.20 times as great as that of ZnO/ O3/UV process. Moreover, the catalytic capability of ZnO–GAC hybrid remained very stable after recycling for five sequential tests. This enhancement is due to the enhanced separation efficiency of photo-generated charges, which simplified the electrons trapping by ozone and improved the yield of hydroxyl radical

Potential of trees leaf/ bark to control atmospheric metals in a gas and petrochemical zone

Leaf and bark of trees are tools for assessing the effects of the heavy metals pollution and monitoring the environmental air quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Ni, Pb, V, and Co metals in four tree/shrub species (Conocarpus erectus, Nerium oleander, Bougainvillea spectabilis willd, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in the heavily industrial zone of Asaloyeh, Iran. Two industrial zones (sites 1 and 2), two urban areas (sites 3 and 4), and two rural areas (sites 5 and 6) in the Asaloyeh industrial zone and an uncontaminated area as a control were selected. Sampling from leaf and bark of trees was carried out in spring 2016. The metals content in the washed and unwashed leaf and bark was investigated. The results showed that four studied metals in N. oleander, C. erectus, and B. spectabilis willd in all case sites were significantly higher than that of in the control site (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of metals was found in sites 3, 4, and 6; this was due to dispersion of the pollutants from industrial environments by dominant winds. The highest comprehensive bio-concentration index (CBCI) was found in leaf (0.37) and bark (0.12) of N. oleander. The maximum metal accumulation index (MAI) in the samples was found in leaf of N. oleander (1.58) and in bark of H. rosa-sinensis (1.95). The maximum bio-concentration factor (BCF) was seen for cobalt metal in the N. oleander leaf (0.89). The nickel concentration in washed-leaf samples of C. erectus was measured to be 49.64% of unwashed one. In general, the N. oleander and C. erectus species were found to have the highest absorption rate from the atmosphere and soil than other studied species, and are very suitable tools for managing air pollution in highly industrialized areas

Aflatoxin B1 and heavy metals in imported black tea to Bushehr, southern Iran; Contamination rate and risk assessment

Black tea is a popular and widely consumed beverage in Iran. Due to the possibility of transferring heavy metals and mycotoxins to the food chain, its potential hazards should be considered. In this study, forty samples of black tea imported to Bushehr port were collected. The physicochemical and microbial properties and their contamination with heavy metals including copper, lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium, as well as Aflatoxin B1 were evaluated. Moreover, to evaluate the health effects of exposure to heavy metals, both Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) values were calculated. The concentration of lead, cadmium, arsenic and copper were: 0.63, 0.061, 0.01, 29.93 mg kg−1 in Sri Lankan, 0.65, 0.063, 0.11, 21.3 mg kg−1 in Indian, 0.61, 0.055, 0.085, 14.82 mg kg−1 in Kenyan and 1.71, 0.06, 0.1, 37.87 mg kg−1 in Vietnamese tea samples, respectively. No Hg contamination was observed. Aflatoxin B1 was only detected in Kenyan and Vietnamese samples (24.33 and 42.66 ng g−1, respectively). The calculation of HQ value for all heavy metals and HI value for all brands, which all were below one, showed that there is no non-carcinogenic adverse health effect through consuming these black teas for the adult consumers

Cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution using mesoporous zeolite modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant

The purpose of this study was the modification of zeolite with the cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for enhancing the adsorption of cyanide (CN−) from aqueous solution. Hence, the batch tests were conducted under different conditions for CN− removal by the surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ). The effect of pH (3–10), SMZ dosage (0.25–5 g/L), CN− concentration (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), and contact time (5–400 min) was evaluated. More than 95% of cyanide was removed at the conditions of pH of 10, the initial cyanide concentration of 100 mg/L, the SMZ dosage of 4 g/L, and the contact time of 250 min. The analysis of kinetics adsorption showed that cyanide ions adsorption onto the SMZ clearly followed the pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm adsorption data were mostly matched by Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 49.57 mg/g. The fresh and used SMZ was fully characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda, loss of ignition, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pH of zero point charge (pHzpc). The surface study indicated that the adsorbent is mesoporous and crystalline. The adsorption–desorption study was done using three reagents of HNO3, HCl, and NaOH. A metal plating wastewater was successfully treated using SMZ. Accordingly, the SMZ was found to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of different concentrations of cyanide from aqueous solution

Amendment of Caulerpa sertularioides marine alga with sulfur-containing materials to accelerate Cu removal from aqueous media

This study reports a new approach of alga amendment in a live mode. The Caulerpa sertularioides alga was modified with sulfur-containing materials of methionine (C 5 H 11 NO 2 S) and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) to more concentrate the sulfur content of the yielded biomass (adsorbent). The simple and amended C. sertularioides alga was fully characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, BJH, and pH zpc techniques. The copper adsorption from aqueous media was done by three adsorbents of C. sertularioides-simple (CSS), C. sertularioides-Na 2 SO 4 (CSN), and C. sertularioides-C 5 H 11 NO 2 S (CSC). The parameters of pH (2–6), adsorbent dosage (2–10 g/L), and contact time (3–80 min) were optimized at 5, 5 g/L, and 60 min, respectively. According to Langmuir isotherm (the best-fitted model), the maximum adsorption capacity of CSN (98.04 mg/g) was obtained 2.4 times higher than CSC (40.73 mg/g) and 9.5 times higher than CSS (10.29 mg/g). The Cu adsorption process by the adsorbents was best-fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The CSN, CSC, and CSS biomasses were successfully reused 5, 4, and 4 times, respectively. The thermodynamic study revealed that the copper adsorption process by CSN is exothermic and non-spontaneous. Finally, the suitability of adsorbents prepared from algae was tested by cleaning a simulated wastewater