CERN Ideas and Plans for a Neutrino Factory

In view of the physics interest, CERN has decided to engage in the study of a Neutrino Factory. The present paper describes our basic concept, and plans for R&D

Neutrino Factory/cooling experiment

A Neutrino Factory based on a muon storage ring is perhaps the ultimate tool for studies of neutrino oscillations and possibly of leptonic CP violation and may open the way to muon colliders. Linear accelerators and their technologies are likely to play a dominant role in the complex of a Neutrino Factory. An overview of different scenarios worked on in the US, Japan and Europe will be presented. The basic layout of a Neutrino Factory consists of a high power proton driver, a high power target where pions are produced, which decay rapidly into muons. These muons are accelerated and fed into a storage ring producing a well-collimated neutrino beam by their decay. Emittance reduction ("cooling") of the muon beam is an important issue. A cooling experiment is therefore planned and some details will be discussed. Other ways for producing neutrino beams ("Super beams" and "Beta beams") will be briefly indicated

The CERN heavy ion accelerating facility

CERN's Lead Ion Accelerating Facility has been operating successfully for its first physics run. The facility, supported financially by some member states and designed, built and installed in a collaboration with several other laboratories (not only from member states), features a completely new linac and a major up-grade of the existing CERN machines. This paper reviews the design philosophy and discusses the present performance and the first operating experience

Status of Studies for a Neutrino Factory at CERN

There is a strong interest from the physics community for high-quality, high-intensity neutrino beams as produced by a neutrino factory. With the help of other European laboratories, CERN has started a study on some of the many technological challenges of such a facility. Present ideas concerning the proton driver, as well as the muon accelerator complex, are presented and plans for the future are described

Physical mechanisms leading to high currents of highly charged ions in laser-driven ion sources

Heavy ion sources for the big accelerators, for example, the LHC, require considerably more ions per pulse during a short time than the best developed classical ion source, the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) provides; thus an alternative ion source is needed. This can be expected from laser-produced plasmas, where dramatically new types of ion generation have been observed. Experiments with rather modest lasers have confirmed operation with one million pulses of 1 Hz, and 1011 C4+ ions per pulse reached 2 GeV/u in the Dubna synchrotron. We review here the complexities of laser-plasma interactions to underline the unique and extraordinary possibilities that the laser ion source offers. The complexities are elaborated with respect to keV and MeV ion generation, nonlinear (ponderomotive) forces, self-focusing, resonances and "hot” electrons, parametric instabilities, double-layer effects, and the few ps stochastic pulsation (stuttering). Recent experiments with the laser ion source have been analyzed to distinguish between the ps and ns interaction, and it was discovered that one mechanism of highly charged ion generation is the electron impact ionization (EII) mechanism, similar to the ECR, but with so much higher plasma densities that the required very large number of ions per pulse are produce

Multi-Charged Ion Sources for Pulsed Accelerators

The relatively low duty cycle of pulsed accelerators can give rise to problems in matching the characteristics of multi-charged ion sources to the beam intensity required by the user. Heavy ion physics interests, especially in the heavy ion colliders, demand more and more intensity whilst the accelerator designers require higher charge states to ease their machine problems. Various options for ion sources for present and future heavy ion accelerators are presented

Phase Rotation, Cooling And Acceleration Of Muon Beams: A Comparison Of Different Approaches

Experimental and theoretical activities are underway at CERN with the aim of examining the feasibility of a very-high-flux neutrino source. In the present scheme, a high-power proton beam (some 4 MW) bombards a target where pions are produced. The pions are collected and decay to muons under controlled optical condition. The muons are cooled and accelerated to a final energy of 50 GeV before being injected into a decay ring where they decay under well-defined conditions of energy and emittance. We present the most challenging parts of the whole scenario, the muon capture, the ionisation-cooling and the first stage of the muon acceleration. Different schemes, their performance and the technical challenges are compared.Comment: LINAC 2000 CONFERENCE, paper ID No. THC1

Numerical Simulation and Interpretation of the Results of Lead Ion Production in the ECR Ion Source at CERN

A new library of the computer codes for the mathematical simulation of heavy ion production in the ECR ion source is presented. These codes are based on the equations of model of ion confinement and losses in ECR ion sources. The ECR4 developed at GANIL is now used for lead ion production for the accelerator complex at CERN. An ion pulse with a current of up to 100 emA of Pb27+ has been regularly injected into the linac since May 1994. The results of numerical simulation with these computer codes and interpretation of experimental data of lead ion production in the ECR source at CERN are presented

Performance of the ECR ion source of CERN's heavy ion injector

In fall 1994 the new heavy ion injector at CERN was brought into operation successfully and a lead beam of 2.9´107 ions per pulse was accelerated in the SPS up to an energy of 157 GeV/u. The ion source, which was supplied by GANIL (France) was in operation almost continuously over a period of about one year and proved to be very reliable. It pro-duces a current of more than 100 µA of Pb27+ (after the first spectrometer) during the afterglow of the pulsed discharge. The current stays within 5% of the maximum value for a time of about 1 ms, which is more than required by the accel-erators. Measurements of the charge state distribution, emittance and energy spread, which were made during this window, are presented together with other operating data