Anaerobic Digestion of Macroalga Gracilaria SP. in Batch System to Produce Bio-methane

This study aimed to determine the potential of bio-methane produced by Gracilaria sp. in a batch system. The experiment was conducted in batch system and it was initiated by acclimatization process (12 days) and ended methane production process (30 days). The results showed that biochemical properties of Gracilaria sp. are carbohydrate 65.46 ± 0.58%, lignin 13.20 ± 2.23%, TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 33.39 ± 0.23%, Nitrogen 1.12 ± 0.01%, and C/N ratio 29.82. Acclimatization proceeded successfully and it was indicated by 62.7 L biogas of 4.025 L of substrate Gracilaria sp. produced within a pH range of 6.2 - 7.1. The batch method of anaerobic biodegradation showed that 4 kg of Gracilaria sp. can produced 131.1 L of biogas containing methane and 46.7 L or 11.6 L CH4 /kg

Proses Sterilisasi Sari Buah Terong Ungu (Solanum Melongena) Dengan Sistem Ozonisasi

One effort in the preservation of food is processed through a sterilization process using ozonization system with ozone molecule (0). The purpose of this study is to review the process of sterilization of juice eggplant (Solanum melongena) using ozonation systems with a concentration of 0.6 ppm ozone. In this study, eggplant juice made in 6 ratio of water: sugar(1:10%, 1:15%, 1:20%, 2:10%, 2:15%, 2:20%) and sterilize with 0.6 ppm ozone The ozonation time studiedfor (0. 6ppm) 0 min, 2 min, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 min and long storage 0 days, 2 days, 4 days, 6 day. Test parameters obtained included the juice organoleptic test (preference level) and test of vitamin C. The results showed that ozonation can be used as a process of sterilization of juice eggplant, ozonation time with optimal and durable power offruit quality is 4minutes with long storage for 2 days. Response panelists on organoleptic test as a whole eggplant juice between 2.8 (preferred), and 3.13 (preferred). Levels of vitam in C, protein, carbohydrate and total microbial best eggplant juice are 1.35 mg1100mL, 1.1%, 3.43 mg1100mL, 8.36x1 rI cfulmL, respectively

Produksi Biogas Dari Campuran Kotoran Sapi Dengan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi biogas dari campuran rumput gajah dan kotoran sapi. Rumput gajah (25 kg), diperoleh dari petani di Gedong Tataan (Pesawaran) dan berumur 2 bulan saat dipotong, dicacah dengan panjang maksimum 5 cm. Kotoran sapi segar (25 kg) diambil dari Laboratorium di Jurusan Peternakan, Universitas Lampung diencerkan dengan air pada tiga level, yaitu 50 ℓ (P1), 75 ℓ (P2), dan 100 ℓ (P3). Rumput gajah dicampur dengan kotoran sapi dan diaduk rata. Campuran dimasukkan ke dalam digester batch dari drum plastik dengan volume 220 liter. Untuk kontrol hanya digunakan 25 kg kotoran sapi yang diencerkan dengan 25 l air. Semua perlakukan dilakukan dengan dua ulangan. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi temperatur harian, pH awal dan akhir substrat, kandungan TS dan VS, volume biogas, produktivitas biogas dan komposisi biogas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai pH awal semua perlakuan berada pada kisaran normal yaitu 7,73, 8,08, 8,00, 7,20 berturut-turut untuk P1, P2, P3 dan kontrol; sedangkan pH akhir berturut-turut adalah 4,50, 4,62, 6,82, 7,30. Suhu harian rata-rata hampir sama untuk semua perlakuan yaitu 33,15 oC, 29,60 oC, 31,17 oC, dan 30,23 oC. Total dari produksi biogas adalah 439,42 l, 353,02 l, 524.32 l dan 519,27 l berturut-turut untuk P1, P2, P3, dan kontrol dengan produktivitas biogas secara berurutan adalah 42.20 ℓ/kgTS, 33.91 ℓ/kgTS, 50.38 ℓ/kgTS, 72.42 ℓ/kgTS dan produktivitas metana 6,85ℓ/kgVS, 13,38ℓ/kgVS, 69,62ℓ/kgVS dan 102,86ℓ/kgVS.Kata kunci : Biogas, kotoran sapi, rumput gajah, batch, produktivita

Developing a Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System

The purpose of this study is to develop a family-size biogas-fueled electricity generating system consisting of anaerobic digester, bio-filter scrubber, and power generating engine. Biogas was produced from a pilot scale wet anaerobic digester (5-m3 capacity). The biogas was filtered using bio-scrubber column filled with locally made compost to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content. Biogas composition was analysed using a gas chromatograph and its H2S level was measured using a H2S detector. A 750-W four stroke power generating engine was used with 100% biogas. Biogas consumed by the generator engine was measured at different load from 100 to 700 W (13.3 to 93.3% of the rated power). Three replications for each load experiment were taken. Results showed that the total biogas yield was 1.91 m3/day with methane content of 56.48% by volume. Bio-filter successfully reduced H2S content in the biogas by 98% (from 400 ppm to 9 ppm). Generator engine showed good performance during the test with average biogas consumption of 415.3 L/h. Specific biogas consumption decreased from 5.05 L/Wh to 1.15 L/Wh at loads of 100 W to 700 W, respectively. Thermal efficiency increased with loads from 6.4% at 100 W to 28.1 at 700 W. The highest thermal efficiency of 30% was achieved at a load of 600 W (80% of the rated power) with specific biogas consumption of 1.07 L/Wh.Article History: Received Janury 16th 2017; Received in revised form 2nd June 2017; Accepted 18th June 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Marotin, F., Triyono, S., Hasanudin, U. (2017), Developing A Family-Size Biogas-Fueled Electricity Generating System. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 111-118.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.111-11

Region-specific indicators for assessing the sustainability of biomass utilisation in East Asia

© 2015 by the authors, licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This paper presents the findings of an expert working group of researchers from East Asian countries. The group was tasked with developing a theoretically sound and practically implementable methodology for assessing the sustainability of biomass utilisation in East Asian countries based on the needs and potential of biomass resources in this region. Building on six years of research conducted between 2007 and 2013, the working group formulated a set of main and secondary indicators for biomass utilisation under three pillars of sustainability. For the environmental pillar, the main indicator was life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and secondary indicators were water consumption and soil quality. For the economic pillar, the main indicator was total value added and secondary indicators were net profit, productivity, and net energy balance. For the social pillar, the main indicators were employment generation and access to modern energy, and the secondary indicator was the human development index. The application of the working group methodology and indicators in sustainability assessments of biomass utilisation will enable decision makers in East Asian countries to compare the sustainability of biomass utilisation options and to make decisions on whether or not to launch or sustain biomass utilisation initiatives

Sustainability assessment methodology of biomass utilization for energy in East Asian countries

In response to the importance of assessing both positive and negative impacts caused by biomass utilization for energy, number of initiatives in the world are currently working on development of criteria and indicators for sustainable biomass utilization. Although there is abundant biomass to be utilized in East Asia, it is difficult to say that countries in this region are at forefront of those initiatives. In this context, in order to provide a decision-making methodology to evaluate sustainability of biomass energy utilization in East Asia, the authors were formed as an expert working group in 2007 and since then has been conducting researches to assess its sustainability with the concept of triple bottom line; namely, environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainability. In addition to the development of a methodology and indicators for sustainability assessment for biomass energy utilization, we have field-tested the applicability of the methodology in selected four East Asian countries. This paper firstly explain the methodology the working group developed, secondly the results and lessons learned from the field-tests of the methodology, and thirdly the latest works based on those lessons, aiming at comprehensive assessment of the sustainability of biomass energy initiatives at small to large scale in East Asian countries