Anxiety disorder affects the mental health of children during puberty

Introduction. Developmental psychology focuses on exploring children's behavior at every moment of their lives, and the changes that occur from one period to another. Adolescence is associated with the onset of puberty, changes in social and emotional behavior, and the impact of vulnerability on social anxiety disorder. Anxiety is an emotional state that is felt with a feeling of pain, not tension, and with certain physiological phenomena such as effects on his heart rate, increased blood pressure and fatigue. period of development - puberty.Purpose of the paper: To determine the impact of parental anxiety on the health of children during pubertyMaterial and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Use "Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders" (SCARED) - a version for a child, and detect it in 4 domains (panic, separation anxiety, generalized anxiety and school phobia). The questionnaire consists of 41 questions, which we have to answer with one of the alternatives: Not true, somewhat true or very true. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to determine anxiety, consisting of 42 questions that included three scales for self-assessment, personality symptoms, anxiety and stress. 2-5 questions with similar content, and assesses autonomic alertness, skeletal muscle effects, situational anxiety, and subjective experience with the effects of anxiety.Results and discussion: A total of 600 respondents participated in the research, of whom 300 students (140 male and 160 female students) and their parents (198 males and 102 females). According to the results of the analysis of students’ responses, 96 students were anxious or 32%, 130 children had significant somatic symptoms in terms of panic disorder or 43.3%, 119 (39.7%) children had general anxiety disorder, 149 (49.7%) presented with separation anxiety, 71 (23.7%) were with social anxiety disorder, and 87 (29%) students had signs of school anxiety. 14% (42) of parents thought that their child was anxious, 25.7% (77) had a child with significant somatic symptoms in terms of panic disorder, 7.7% (23) parents had a child with general anxiety disorder, 27.7% (83) parents considered that their child showed signs of separation anxiety, 18.3% (55) parents considered that their child had a social anxiety disorder, while 18.7% (56) parents stated that their child had school anxiety. According to the results of the DASS scale, the prevalence of depression in parents was 23.34% or 70 parents manifested depression; the prevalence of anxiety was 28.7% or 86 surveyed parents, while the prevalence of stress was 22% or 66 parents. A statistically significant difference was confirmed in the distribution of students without anxiety, with possible anxiety disorder, and with anxiety disorder, between parents with and without anxiety. Parental anxiety had no significant effect on the incidence of anxiety disorder in male children, but it had in female children. An overall score for anxiety disorder higher than 30 points, equivalent to a clinically convincing result for anxiety disorder, was recorded in 67.9% (38) of female children of anxious parents and 32.7% (34) of female children of non-anxious parents.Discussion: Several researchers hypothesize that adolescent onset of depression may follow a different etiological course than depression that develops in childhood or adulthood. For adolescents, poor family functioning seems to "activate" the negative psychological impact of frequent, minor stress.Conclusion: The results of the study showed a significant impact of parental anxiety on children's health. Keywords: anxiety, parents, children, puberty, influence

Intramuscular Drug Administration At A Local Hospital In Kosovo

Introduction : Medicines are administered in two ways: locally and systemically. Creams, ointments, various fats that contain active substances are included in the drugs administrated locally, while systematically are drugs that enter the human body via enteral and parenteral routes. The parenteral route is the injection of drugs into different parts of the body by means of syringes. The methods of administration are : subcutaneous (under the skin), intravenous (in the veins) and intramuscular (in the muscles). There is a variety of the drugs which can be administrated in different routes, depending on the form of the drug, however some of the drugs are preferred to be administrated intramuscularly. Aim: In this article we aim to identify the drugs most used intramuscularly in a local hospital in Kosovo during the period January- December 2021.  Methods : In this study we have collected data from a family medical center in a city in Kosovo. The data collected were on patients treated intramuscularly only and the therapy used for the period January-December 2021. All patients’ data were obtained from protocol books of the treated patients and all the data were analyzed separately each month. A total of 1908 patients treated were enrolled in the study. As demographic characteristic, the gender of the patients represented by numbers and percentage was included in the study. In every sector we have presented the percentage of the therapy used through intramuscular route of administration. Results: Based on the review of the relevant literature and the analysis of the protocols at the Center of Family Medicine in a local hospital in Kosovo, this research paper reveals data as follows: In the period January-December 2021, a total of 1908 patients were treated. Of them, 884 were male and 1024 were female. The most frequent therapy was: Ceftriaxone, Dexamethasone, Diclofenac and Diazepam. Conclusion: Taken together, these data have shown a higher use of mainly four drugs such as Diclofenac, Dexamethasone, Ceftriaxone and Diazepam. And the period which was characterized with a higher number of patients needed to be treated with the above-mentioned therapy was during winter season

Comparison of Kosovo pharmaceutical legislation to the requirements of the European Union

Introduction: The importance of the pharmaceutical legislation of a country consists in establishing rules, laws, bylaws and decisions based on which the daily work takes place in health institutions in general and the pharmaceutical sector in particular. The structure of today's pharmaceutical legislation, in terms of drug laws, the scope of drug regulatory agencies, drug evaluation boards, quality control laboratories and drug information centers has evolved over time.Aim: The purpose of this paper is to collect existing information related to the pharmaceutical sector and assess the pharmaceutical profile of Kosovo according to the WHO form. Comparing the pharmaceutical legislation of Kosovo with those of the EU, with the aim of identifying aspects which require harmonize with EU laws and directives, with the laws in force in Kosovo, as well as suggesting options for improvement.Materials and Methods: The pharmaceutical legislation of the European Union, Kosovo, and Austrian have been used as materials. For the comparison of pharmaceutical legislation, we have done the analysis according to four dimensions: administrative elements, regulatory functions, technical elements and level of regulation. We have collected data through a standardized form for regulatory assessment developed by the WHO and through the method of studying the archive. The method of studying the archive has included the evaluation of relevant documentation and records, which includes laws, executive orders, reports of relevant authorities, economic, health and other state indicators, as well as reports of other studies in this field. In the study we used the comparative approach to achieve the comparison of inter-state experiences related to pharmaceutical legislation.Conclusions: Relevant state institutions of Kosovo should be engaged in providing institutional reports related to data on the pharmaceutical sector, in order to institutionally complete the pharmaceutical profile of Kosovo, as required by the WHO.Keywords: Pharmaceutical legislation, European Union, Kosovo, Compariso

Knowledge And Attitudes Of Students From Kosovo Towards Sexually Transmitted Infections-Stis

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) represent a major concern encountered by physicians. Sexually transmitted infections are spread through sexual contact which includes vaginal, anal, oral as well as the use of sex games. The greatest risk of acquiring any STIs comes from unprotected sexual activity with an infected partner. However, everyone who is sexually active is at risk from STIs. There are different factors which highly contribute in the spread of STIs and as a result mostly young people are in risk to get affected by them. Considering the importance and knowing all the risk factors involved in the spread of STIs, there is the need to better evaluate the knowledge of the young people on STIs in order to design appropriate strategies and programs for the awareness on sexually transmitted infections, about the protection against these infections,  identifying possible factors that affect sexual health and achieving good results in relation to sexual health.Aim: The main purpose of this research is to identify the level of knowledge of young people of Kosovo on STIs, identify sources of information about STIs and evaluate the connection (association) of knowledge about contraceptive methods and use.Materials and Methods: The study has a qualitative approach, self-report questionnaires were used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of young people about sexually transmitted infections. In this study, 253 high school students took part. The schools in which the research was carried out were: medical, competence, science, linguistic and social sciences high school. For this research, a questionnaire consisting of a total of 20 questions was used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of young people on sexually transmitted infections. Initially, permission was obtained to access to High Schools for conducting this research and the students were informed in advance about the purpose of the research and that the data will be used only for the study and will be confidential. The time for self-administration of the questionnaire was 5-10 minutes. The data was collected from May 10-30, 2020, and analyzed using the Google Classroom online platform in the form of a quiz/questionnaire.Conclusions: Our results suggest that continuous training should be organized in the field of teacher-student communication, in order to improve teaching performance in this aspect. There should be an inclusion of sex education in schools at all levels of pre-university education and treating social workers in schools to focus on the emotional, intellectual and physical aspects of sexual health would be essential. It would also be fruitful if teachers, parents, health workers discussed with young people more about sexual health. And lastly, creating special awareness offices in schools and centers for counseling and treatment would highly increase the information and thus the prevention of young people affected by ST

Suicide During The Pandemic Time

In recent years the biggest challenge facing humanity is the Covid-19 pandemic.This is a challenge that has manifested itself in many problems in all spheres of life. One of the areas that have affected him is mental health, which has been much discussed.However, the other main issue that this study is about is suicides and the causes that brought them about.Suicide is a complex act and appears due to many factors, which are sometimes known, and some cases remain unknown at the time of death. But, the purpose of this study is to study the known causes that caused suicides during the time of the pandemic.Identifying specific factors associated with changing the suicide case ratio provides valuable information to the community. To raise his awareness about such cases and to sensitize them to approach them properly.The result of this study is to determine how various factors around us play a major role in our mental health and our emotional state by pushing us towards committing the act of suicide. These results include a description of the characteristics of each factor and how influential they are.To have a safer and more efficient treatment of these cases, this study contributes to the field of medicine, integrating also the field of psychology and sociology.Thus, through the cooperation of these areas competent for these issues, suicide prevention can be achieved

The most prescribed analgesics in the Emergency Clinic at the University Clinical Hospital Service of Kosovo in the period January - March 2022

Introduction -An important aspect of pain management, whether acute or chronic, is the administration of medications, namely analgesics. They are given to reduce and control pain, reduce risks, and reduce the incidence of more serious complications.The aim –of this study is to see the prescription of analgesics in UCHSK, their role, and importance, and the literature review regarding the dosage, the way, and of the certain doses. Methodology - This is descriptive research that aims to show the quantity of the most prescribed analgesics. The study was carried out in the Emergency Center near UCHSK in Prishtina, for the collection of all data sources such as documentation, protocols of medical visits where emergency cases were documented, and the treatment they received, during the period January-March 2022.The results - literature review results have provided detailed information regarding analgesics, the way of administration, the best possible ways of administering medications, and the best management.Conclusions –The study results reveal that analgetics-opioids, familiarity with the drug, the way of administering the drug, and their side effects reduce the complications they cause. Furthermore, good management affects the patient’s emotional state and his psychological preparation and enables the team of health professionals to achieve successful results

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Case report

Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease is a degenerative disorder that causes dementia and eventually death. It is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages because it gives a variety of atypical symptoms until the final stages. This case presentation aims to reflect the case of a woman with pronounced cognitive and psychiatric symptoms and her diagnostic journey until shortly before her death. Case report: The 63-year-old patient had gradually started with subtle psychic changes, in the form of paranoid ideas, anxiety, a state of generally depressed mood, and changes in personality. Gradually the changes became more pronounced and in the last two weeks before hospitalization, she changed completely, slowing down and manifesting a state of psychomotor disturbance with visual hallucinations. After wandering through several clinics of the UCCK, she is hospitalized at the Neurological Department, where a lumbar puncture, MRI of the brain, and EEG are performed. The final diagnosis was made after the arrival of the results, i.e. imaging changes in the nucleus lentiform, nucleus caudatus, and bilateral corona radiata; specific sharp triphasic waves in the EEG and finally the identification of the 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion: CJDdisease is rare, but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis as we often have patients with progressive cognitive and psychic changes, along with symptoms such as myoclonus and visual hallucinations

A case of anti-VGKC antibody encephalitis

Limbic encephalitis is, as the name itself says, inflammation of limbic system and other parts of brain and of a larger group of the autoimmune disorders. Its main characteristic or symptom, is sever affection of the short or working memory. Other symptoms are confusion, psychiatric symptomatology and seizures.Usually the pathophysiologic process is initiated by a paraneoplastic one in making (Limbic paraneoplasticEncephalitis), but this sometime may not be the case ( Limbic Non-paraneoplastic Encephalitis). Case Presentation This a case presentation of a 60 years old woman, which is hospitalized in Neurologic Clinic in UCC, Prishtina, because of the seizures, occurring in sleep. After a week severe confusion begins, together with memory loss and then, within a day, generalized epileptic seizures. Also the patient develops marked hyponatremia. The case is diagnosed as Limbic Encephalitis based on clinical picture, imagery (MRI) andspecific antibody testing , with VGKC antibody positive titer that is against potassium channels. Conclusion Limbic Encephalitis is very challenging; the discrepancy between the clinical symptoms, encephalopathy, specific antibody titers and limited treatment options makes this diagnosis especially difficult in every aspect of the disease. The pathophysiologic changes associated with this disease remain unclear

Insomnia and other psychological factors of health workers in the face of the Covid- 19 pandemic, at the Main Family Medicine Center in Ferizaj

This research paper deals with health problems caused by insomnia and other psychological factors among health workers in the face of the pandemic Covid-19, at the Main Family Medicine Center in Ferizaj. Knowing what problem is facing worldwide, recent actuality has made us health professionals especially curious to research the difficulties and problems faced by our colleagues during this very difficult period we are going through. Purpose of the research: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties and challenges faced by health professionals, the risk during the pandemic, psychological disorders during working hours, in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This research was conducted through a questionnaire which included a total of 65 health personnel: nurses, doctors and secondary health staff. Results: In this study were analyzed a total of 65 health professionals divided by gender, age, job position based on education, doctor, nurse, and staff with secondary education. The results of this research have shown statistically significant data for health workers who are exposed to risk during the pandemic period, which directly affects their personal well-being taking into account the factors that affect insomnia and other disorders such as: disorders convulsive obsessions, stress, anxiety, etc

PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN ISA GREZDA GENERAL HOSPITAL IN GJAKOVO

An important look at the knowledge of antibiotics, their mode of action, and their efficient use. Antibiotics are medications that destroy or slow the growth of bacteria. They do this by killing bacteria and preventing them from multiplying, which is why they are indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of antibiotics in the Isa Grezda hospital in Gjakova during the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of infected patients, the study of the literature regarding the effectiveness of antibiotics in the COVID-19 virus. Methodology- This is a descriptive research that aims to show the types of antibiotics used in the general hospital Isa Grezda in Gjakova during the COVID-19 pandemic. For data collection, sources such as documentation, protocols of medical visits, archives were used, where the cases and treatments received by infected patients during the period June-December 2020, 2021 were documented. The results of the literature research have provided sufficient data about antibiotics and their classification, mode of action, mode of administration, management and their most efficient use. Conclusions - From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the use of antibiotics in infected patients was high, due to bacterial co-infections that were common among patients with COVID-19. Antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone, Imipinem, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin have been some of the most prescribed antibiotics in patients infected with COVID-19