Helicobacter pylori Prevalence in Indonesia West and East Region

   Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status in Indonesia might be higher than the actual prevalence. A comprehensive epidemiologic study is necessary to explore infection susceptibility by demographic characteristics, especially between Indonesia’s Eastern and Western regions. We present data related epidemiology H. pylori infection and risk factor for it </p

Association between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance pattern (%).

<p>Association between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance pattern (%).</p

Prevalence of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection in Indonesia based on multiple tests.

<p>Prevalence of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection in Indonesia based on multiple tests.</p

Distribution of antibiotic MIC values in Indonesia.

<p>The resistance rates to metronidazole and levofloxacin were high; in contrast, we revealed a low prevalence of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline resistance.</p

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> isolates in Indonesia.

<p>Prevalence of antibiotic resistance of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> isolates in Indonesia.</p

Mutation type of <i>rdxA</i> related to metronidazole resistance.

<p>Mutation type of <i>rdxA</i> related to metronidazole resistance.</p

Mutation type of <i>gyrA</i> and <i>gyrB</i> related to levofloxacin resistance.

<p>Mutation type of <i>gyrA</i> and <i>gyrB</i> related to levofloxacin resistance.</p

Prevalence of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> antibiotic resistance in Indonesia by location.

<p>Prevalence of <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> antibiotic resistance in Indonesia by location.</p

Prevalence of multidrug resistance among Indonesian strains.

<p>Prevalence of multidrug resistance among Indonesian strains.</p

Gene mutations related to clarithromycin resistance.

<p>Gene mutations related to clarithromycin resistance.</p