Parasal Aktarım Mekanizması: Firma Bilanço Kanalı ve Türkiye

According to the firm balance-sheet channel of monetary transmission mechanism, since external finance is costly than internal finance, financially constrained firms chose internal finance. Monetary and fiscal authorities should consider the existence of the firm balance-sheet channel, when they design policies if it operates. A rise in real interest rates causes a rise in firm’s debt, fall in net worth and as a result of these changes, a rise in the marginal cost of external financing occurs. Consequently firms’ ability for investing and job creation decreases. In an economy in which investment is positively related with cash flow, an increase in firm’s cash flow results with an inrease in firm’s investment. In this paper we examined the effect of real interest rate, real exchange rate, cash flow and sales on the investment behaviour of the firm. The panel data analysis, performed by using Central Bank of Turkey’s firm balance sheet database, shows that the firm balance-sheet channel operates in Turkey

CASH-FLOW AND INVESTMENT: A PANEL QUANTILE APPROACH

The investment behaviors of firms are affected mainly by financial climate and conditions of economic environment in which they operate. Besides macro variables such as real interest rates, firms carefully evaluate their balance sheet items in their investment decisions. Classic regression analysis provides the possible impact of explanatory variables on the mean value of investment. Although, in some cases, it is very important to know how the mean level of investment is affected by the variables, it could be much more important to know, especially for policy makers, how each quantile of investment is affected by the variables. Based on effects of the variables on quantiles, different policy options can be produced and advised. In this study, a panel quantile regression approach has been used to analyze the effect of real interest rates, currency rates, cash flows and sales on investments by using a data set from Turkey

Cash-Flow and Investment: A Panel Quantile Approach

The investment behaviors of firms are affected mainly by financial climate and conditions of economic environment in which they operate. Besides macro variables such as real interest rates, firms carefully evaluate their balance sheet items in their investment decisions. Classic regression analysis provides the possible impact of explanatory variables on the mean value of investment. Although, in some cases, it is very important to know how the mean level of investment is affected by the variables, it could be much more important to know, especially for policy makers, how each quantile of investment is affected by the variables. Based on effects of the variables on quantiles, different policy options can be produced and advised. In this study, a panel quantile regression approach has been used to analyze the effect of real interest rates, currency rates, cash flows and sales on investments by using a data set from Turkey

CASH-FLOW AND INVESTMENT: A PANEL QUANTILE APPROACH

The investment behaviors of firms are affected mainly by financial climate and conditions of economic environment in which they operate. Besides macro variables such as real interest rates, firms carefully evaluate their balance sheet items in their investment decisions. Classic regression analysis provides the possible impact of explanatory variables on the mean value of investment. Although, in some cases, it is very important to know how the mean level of investment is affected by the variables, it could be much more important to know, especially for policy makers, how each quantile of investment is affected by the variables. Based on effects of the variables on quantiles, different policy options can be produced and advised. In this study, a panel quantile regression approach has been used to analyze the effect of real interest rates, currency rates, cash flows and sales on investments by using a data set from Turkey

Contacts between mammalian mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3 and ribosomal proteins in the small subunit

Mammalian mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3 (IF3mt) binds to the small subunit of the ribosome displacing the large subunit during the initiation of protein biosynthesis. About half of the proteins in mitochondrial ribosomes have homologs in bacteria while the remainder are unique to the mitochondrion. To obtain information on the ribosomal proteins located near the IF3mt binding site, cross-linking studies were carried out followed by identification of the cross-linked proteins by mass spectrometry. IF3mt cross-links to mammalian mitochondrial homologs of the bacterial ribosomal proteins S5, S9, S10, and S18-2 and to unique mitochondrial ribosomal proteins MRPS29, MRPS32, MRPS36 and PTCD3 (Pet309) which has now been identified as a small subunit ribosomal protein. IF3mt has extensions on both the N- and C-termini compared to the bacterial factors. Cross-linking of a truncated derivative lacking these extensions gives the same hits as the full length IF3mt except that no cross-links were observed to MRPS36. IF3 consists of two domains separated by a flexible linker. Cross-linking of the isolated N- and C-domains was observed to a range of ribosomal proteins particularly with the C-domain carrying the linker which showed significant cross-linking to several ribosomal proteins not found in prokaryotes

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy in Medicine

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) offers high resolution morphological details and generates en-face images with excellent depth discrimination for visualizing different structures of the living human body non-invasively. There have been significant advances in technology since the CSLM was first defined. It has been used commonly, especially in ophthalmological area, in order to diagnose and give direction for the treatment of corneal pathologies. Ocular surface, corneal subbasal nerve plexus, filtering blebs of glaucoma surgery were also investigated widely by CSLM. With the improvements in CSLM technology over time, it is widely used in other fields than ophthalmology. The combined use of CSLM with the slit lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography will also lead to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of more diseases in the future

The relationship of serum asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations and lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection

Aim: COVID-19 infections the tissue through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is also expressed on endothelial cells. Endothelial dysfunction may be associated with lung involvement. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an indirect marker of endothelial dysfunction. The aim of our study was to evaluate ADMA concentrations and to identify its association with lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 disease. Methods: We included 42 patients with COVID-19 infection and lung involvement (Group 1). Forty-two age and sex matched patients without pneumonia acted as the control group (Group 2). All patients gave blood samples for ADMA at the 1st month control visit after discharge. We compared C-reactive protein (CRP) and ADMA concentrations in addition to routine biochemical parameters between groups. Results: Patients with lung involvement had higher admission glucose, CRP, and ADMA concentrations, and displayed lower hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count compared to patients without lung involvement. Although patients with lung involvement had higher ADMA concentrations with respect to those without; plasma ADMA levels were also higher than normal values in control group. Multivariate analysis identified log CRP concentration (OR= 3.047, 95% CI=1.881-5.023, p<0.001) as the independent predictor for lung involvement. And, there was a correlation between ADMA and CRP (r: 0.318, p: 0.003). Conclusion: We revealed elevated ADMA concentrations as the surrogate of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 patients whether they have pneumonia or not

The evaluation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: Comparison of Doppler and tissue Doppler-derived myocardial performance index

Background: Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in a wide spectrum of cancers. However, cardiotoxic effects have limited its clinical use. The early detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is crucial. The purpose of our study was to assess values of Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) in adult cancer patients receiving doxorubicin treatment. Methods: A total of 45 patients underwent echocardiographic examinations before any doxorubicin had been administered and then after doxorubicin. Doppler and TDI-derived MPI of left ventricular (LV) were determined in the evaluation of cardiotoxicity. Additionally, TDI-derived MPI of right ventricular (RV) was determined. Results: All patients underwent control echocardiographic examination after mean 5 ± 1.7 months. The LV MPI obtained by both Doppler and TDI were increased after doxorubicin treatment (0.56 ± 0.11, 0.61 ± 0.10, p = 0,005 vs 0.51 ± 0.09, 0.59 ± 0.09, p = 0.001, respectively). There was no correlation between Doppler-derived MPI and cumulative doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.11, p = 0.6). TDI-derived MPI was correlated with cumulative doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.35, p = 0.015), but this correlation is weak (r = 0.38). The study population was divided into two groups according to doxorubicin dose (below and above 300 mg level). There was a moderate correlation between TDI-derived MPI and less than 300 mg of doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.51, p = 0.028). However, Doppler-derived MPI was not correlated with less than 300 mg of doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.38, p = 0.123). Also, there was no significant change in the TDI-derived RV-MPI (0.49 ± 0.14, 0.50 ± 0.12, p = 0.56). Conclusions: TDI-derived MPI is a useful parameter and an early indicator compared with Doppler-derived MPI in the detection of cardiotoxicity during the early stages. Also, doxorubicin administration does not affect RV function

Relationship between Peeled Internal Limiting Membrane Area and Anatomic Outcomes following Macular Hole Surgery: A Quantitative Analysis

Purpose. To quantitatively evaluate the effects of peeled internal limiting membrane (ILM) area and anatomic outcomes following macular hole surgery using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Forty-one eyes in 37 consecutive patients with idiopathic, Gass stage 3-4 macular hole (MH) were enrolled in this retrospective comparative study. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to anatomic success or failure. Basal MH diameter, peeled ILM area, and MH height were calculated using SD-OCT. Other prognostic parameters, including age, stage, preoperative BCVA, and symptom duration were also assessed. Results. Thirty-two cases were classified as anatomic success, and 9 cases were classified as anatomic failure. Peeled ILM area was significantly wider and MH basal diameter was significantly less in the anatomic success group (p=0.024 and 0.032, resp.). Other parameters did not demonstrate statistical significance. Conclusion. The findings of the present study show that the peeled ILM area can affect the anatomic outcomes of MH surgery