Strong Upper Limits on Sterile Neutrino Warm Dark Matter

Sterile neutrinos are attractive dark matter candidates. Their parameter space of mass and mixing angle has not yet been fully tested despite intensive efforts that exploit their gravitational clustering properties and radiative decays. We use the limits on gamma-ray line emission from the Galactic Center region obtained with the SPI spectrometer on the INTEGRAL satellite to set new constraints, which improve on the earlier bounds on mixing by more than two orders of magnitude, and thus strongly restrict a wide and interesting range of models.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; minor revisions, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Analisis Penggunaan Natrium Benzoat pada Tauco Curah dan Kemasan yang Dijual di Beberapa Pasar Tradisional dan Swalayan di Kota Medan Tahun 2013

Tauco is one type of food a result of fermentation soybean shaped spring solid or dilute and have a color from yellow whitish to blackish brown. The use of food additives such a

Stringent Constraint on Galactic Positron Production

The intense 0.511 MeV gamma-ray line emission from the Galactic Center observed by INTEGRAL requires a large annihilation rate of nonrelativistic positrons. If these positrons are injected at even mildly relativistic energies, higher-energy gamma rays will also be produced. We calculate the gamma-ray spectrum due to inflight annihilation and compare to the observed diffuse Galactic gamma-ray data. Even in a simplified but conservative treatment, we find that the positron injection energies must be $\lesssim 3$ MeV, which strongly constrains models for Galactic positron production.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; minor revisions, accepted for publication in PR

Effects of Contact History and Family Income on The Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatera

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases. In 2016, 10.4 million people fell ill with TB, and 1.7 million died from the disease (including 0.4 million among people with HIV). Over 95% of TB deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. Seven countries account for 64% of the total, with India leading the count, followed by Indonesia, China, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, and South Africa. Given that most deaths from TB are preventable, the death toll from the disease is still unacceptably high and efforts to combat it must be accelerated. This study aimed to determine the effects of con¬tact history and family income on the risk of pulmonary TB in Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatera. Subejcts and Method: This was a case control study conducted at several Puskesmas (Community Health Center) in Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatera. A total of 90 patients consisting of 45 TB cases and 45 controls were selected for this study. The dependent variable was pulmonary TB. The independent variables were contact history and family income. Pulmonary TB cases were determined by sputum acid fast tuberculosis (AFT) bacilli test. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of pulmonary TB increased with history of TB contact (OR= 4,01; 95% CI= 1.67 to 9.66; p= 0.002) and low family income (OR= 2.53; 95% CI= 1.07 to 5.9; p= 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of pulmonary TB increases with history of TB contact and low family income. Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis contact, family income

Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Sampah dan Partisipasi Pedagang untuk Menciptakan Lingkungan Bersih di Basement Pasar Petisah Kota Medan Tahun 2012

The waste treatment and participation of the trader in build a clean environment in basement of Pasar Petisah (market) of Medan in 2012. Market is a big source of waste as by product of buying and selling activities that produce the waste that unusable, uncomforted and disposed and did not occurred by itself. This research aims to study the waste treatment and participation of the trader in build a clean environment in basement of Pasar Petisah (market) of Medan. This research is a descriptive survey that conducted at basement of Pasar Petisah Medan in 2012 in which the data was collected through observation and interview using questionnaire to 64 respondents. The results of research indicates that of 64 respondents, there are 33 (51.6%) who have waste container and 31 respondent (48.4%) have not waste container. The waste treatment based on storage of waste indicators is classified into did not fulfill the health requirement category, the collecting of waste in fulfill the health requirement category, while transportation and waste treatment in fulfill the health requirement category. The participation of the trader in supply the waste container is classified into medium category (51.6%), disposal of waste in medium category (56.3%), the payment of waste retribution in good category (100%) and cleaning rule is in good category (93.8%). The waste treatment at basement of pasar petisah already fulfill the health requirement and still deficient the participation from respondents did dispose the waste in the available waste container. The management of market must enforce a rule about the market cleaning to enforce the trader did not dispose the waste in the front of their kiosk and provide them with sanction if violate the rule and it must to increase the participation of the traders by provide them with guide, direction and information about sanitation and waste treatment that fulfill the health requirement

Pemanfaatan Daun Tanaman Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis) Sebagai Anti Nyamuk Mat Elektrik Dalam Membunuh Nyamuk Aedes, Spp

Aedes,spp mosquitoes are vectors of various diseases (dengue fever, filariasis, chikungunya and yellow fever). To controll the vector borne disease can be done by controlling its vector. One of the way to control the disease is using the synthetic insecticide that are toxic to human, so it is necessary to use natural insecticide.The purpose of this study is to utilize the leaves of breadfruit plant (Artocarpus altilis) as an electrical mat to kill mosquito Aedes.This research was quasi-experimental with completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments (the weight of breadfruit leaf powder of 0 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg) with 3 times repetitions.The result indicate that there were the difference of mosquito mortality based on the weight of each mat with three repetitions during 30 minutes observation. The mosquito mortality rate at weight of 100 mg was 33,33%, 200 mg was 40%, 300 mg was 53,33% (reached the LD 50), 400 mg was 46,67%, 500 mg was 46,67%, and there was no mortality in control. Based on the result of statistical test of one-way Anova with significance level of 5%, it was obtained that p(0,976)> α(0,05), which means there was no difference in the average number of Aedes,spp mosquitoes dead significantly.The conclusion is breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) can be used as an electrical mat to Aedes,spp, and the effective weight of breadfruit leaves to kill Aedes,spp was 300 mg

Pemeriksaan Jenis dan Kadar Zat Pewarna Buatan pada Permen Lolipop Bermerek dan Tidak Bermerek yang Beredar di Kota Medan Tahun 2012

Laboratory Analysis of the types and rate artificial dyes lollipop candy branded and unbranded around in Medan city. Lolipop candy is a popular product of snack to eat with variously types, have a prominently colors, that many people like it. In order to attract the consumer mostly the dyes substance as used to the product known as restricted formula due to the product may cause a dangerous impact over the human health. The objective study is to determine the sort and grade of artificial dyes rate on the lollipop branded candy and lollipop non-branded candy on Medan City for 2012. To view whether the uses of the artificial dyes on lollipop candy fulfilling the requirement for health. The method used study in survey research with descriptive one. The sample taken from Petisah Market, Thamrin Plaza, Medan Fair Plaza, Palladium Plaza, and also from Supermarket operation on this city, bring it to laboratory for examination. The result showed that from 7 types of the market lollipop candy existed on market and in examination found that it contained an artificial dyes as not permitted that is Ponceau 3R and another 7 samples of lollipop non-branded candy in examination, 1 samples containing artificial dyes not permitted that is Ponceau 3R. The rate noted on 7 samples of lollipop branded candy found at least 3 samples not fulfilling the requirement that is 441 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg, 451 mg/kg and 1 sample of lollipop non-branded candy not seemly fulfilling the requirement because used an artificial dyes not permitted. It is suggested to Balai POM is seriously to make a strictly control and supervision into the uses of additional substances for producing foods

Momentum-Resolved Charge Excitations in a Prototype One Dimensional Mott Insulator

We report momentum resolved charge excitations in a one dimensional (1-D) Mott insulator studied using high resolution (~ 325 meV) inelastic x-ray scattering over the entire Brillouin zone for the first time. Excitations at the insulating gap edge are found to be highly dispersive (momentum dependent)compared to excitations observed in two dimensional Mott insulators. The observed dispersion in 1-D is consistent with charge excitations involving holons which is unique to spin-1/2 quantum chain systems. These results point to the potential utility of inelastic x-ray scattering in providing valuable information about electronic structure of strongly correlated insulators.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Revised with minor change