Efek Fermentasi dengan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae terhadap Karakteristik Biokimia Tapioka

Saccharomyces cerevisiae diketahui sebagai khamir penghasil enzim ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan enzim ektraseluler S. cereviciae dalam pembuatan tapioka dengan mengamati Perubahan biokimia pati. Sebanyak 1010 sel ml-1 inokulum S.cerevisiae diinokulasikan ke dalam suspensi tapioka, kemudian difermentasi selama 12 jam, 36 jam, dan 48 jam pada suhu ruang (30oC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa S.cerevisiae mampu tumbuh selama fermentasi dan memperbaiki sifat biokimia tapioka. Tapioka hasil fermentasi dengan S.cerevisiae memiliki kadar protein (2,17%) secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari kadar protein tapioka alami (0,28%). Sementara itu, kadar amilosa tapioka terfermentasi (24,83%) lebih rendah dari amilosa tapioka alami (28,57%). Dilain pihak, penambahan S.cerevsiae meningkatkan kadar Fe, Mg, dan Ca tapioka, tetapi kadar Zn nya menurun. Struktur granula pati tapioka terfermentasi juga menunjukkan adanya erosi di bagian tepi granula. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan S.cerevisiae dapat digunakan sebagai agensia modifikasi tapioka untuk meningkatkan kadar protein dan daya kelarutan

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Penemuan Terbimbing ( Guided Discovery ) untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Hidrokarbon di Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Kampar

This research is aimed to know the improvement of students learning achievement in Hydrocarbon subject at class X of SMAN 2 Kampar by applying guided discovery learning model. This research used Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest design. This research was conducted in SMAN 2 Kampar. The samples of the research were the students of class X2 as experimental class and the students of class X5 as control class. Experimental class is a class which was applied the guided discovery learning model while control class was not given the treatment. Data analysis technique that is used in this research is t-test. Based on the result of the data analysis, it found out that tcount > ttable which is 5.54 > 1.68. It means that the application of guided discovery learning model can improve students' learning achievement in Hydrocarbon subject at class X of SMAN 2 Kampar with high category of the improvement of learning achievement (N-Gain) which is 0.74

Effectiveness of bioactive combinations of several plant substances to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has been banned as feed additives in many countries, therefore the alternatives need to be found.  An in vitro experiment  was conducted to study the potential of combination of some plant extract to inhibit growth of pathogen bateria that normally occur in the poultry gastro intestinal tract.The combination of three plants bioactives (liquid smoke of cashew shells of Anacardium occidentaleor CLS, Phyllanthus niruri L. extract (EM), and Synzygium aromaticum extract (EDC) were formulated and evaluated for its effectiveness to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in vitro.The mixtures (KE) were then made in 3 different concentrations, i.e. 100 % KE, 50% KE, and 25% KE and studied their effectiveness to inhibit growth of E. coli or Salmonella sp. using microplate reader method. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the bioactive combination (KE100) the higher the ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli or Salmonella sp. The combination of bioactive substances CAM, EM, and EDC more effectively than Zn-bacitracin antibiotics to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella sp. The optimum concentration of KE with the similar effectiveness as the AGP was 25%. It was concluded that the combination of CAM, EM, and EDC was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and even capable to eliminate the presence of Salmonella sp. In the biological assay, a combination of CAM, EM, and EDC either extract or powder form, high dose, medium or low does not affect the weight of the spleen, bursa fabricius, and blood profile. The best combination of CAM, EM, and EDC extracts to decreases the total bacterial population and E. coli was middle dose ie 0.0625% (extract) and 0.625% (powder). Likewise for live weight gain that was a good dose of extract or powder form can replace antibiotics. It was concluded that combinations of CAM, EM, and EDC had potential as a substitute for AGP in poultry feed, especially chickens

Habitat Perkembangbiakan Spesifik Anopheles SP Di Tambang Emas Kura-Kura Banian (Perubahan Perilaku Anopheles SP)

The results of Health Research 2010, showed that malaria was an infectious disease that the sixth cause of death cause of the sixth of death in Indonesia. Kotabaru is a malaria endemic district, especially in Puskesmas Banian, Annual Parasite Incidence 241.19 in 2014 where the cases of malaria with occurring in illegal gold mines on the slopes of Banian Mountain. It\u27s needed to know the factors that affect the existence of malaria in these locations. This research was observational study doing by cross-sectional study and analyzed by descriptively. Research conducted at the Gold Mine Banian Buluh Kuning village, Sungai Durian subdistric, Kotabaru district, South Kalimantan Province in February and March, 2015. The activities were catching larva and adult mosquitoes, environmental and mosquito breeding habitats observation and Mass Blood Survey. It was found Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles leucosphyrus with very low densities in area with the number of malaria cases by 22.99%. It was found divers breeding habitats of Anopheles sp on a former gold wash, former drum and former plastic containers. This indicated a behavioral change of Anopheles breeding places because previous to this the Anopheles breed in puddles on the ground or direct contact with the ground

Penerapan Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik dalam Sistem Pelayanan Perizinan Satu Pintu

This study will discuss the implementation of General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) in the One Stop Licensing System in the city of Yogyakarta. Some things that would be an important consideration in this study were changes to Local Government Law No. 22 of 1999 as Law No. 32 of 2004 and its consequence, the issuance of Government Regulation No. 84 of 2000 governing the organization\u27s guidelines in the area of technical authority in issuing permits and Ministerial Decree No. PAN 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003 On Implementation Guidelines for Public Service and Administrative Reform Decree No. 26/KEP/M.PAN/2/2004 About Help Technical Transparency and Accountability. Penelitian ini akan membahas penerapan Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB) dalam Sistem Perijinan Satu Pintu di Kota Yogyakarta. Beberapa hal yang akan menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah Perubahan UU Otonomi Daerah Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 menjadi UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 beserta konsekuensinya. Penerbitan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 84 Tahun 2000 yang mengatur tentang pedoman organisasi perangkat daerah dalam kewenangan teknisnya mengeluarkan ijin di daerah serta Kepmen PAN Nomor 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik dan Keputusan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Nomor 26/KEP/M. PAN/2/2004 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas

Optimation of β-mannanase production on submerged culture of Eupenicillium javanicum as well as pH and temperature enzyme characterizations

Two successive experiments were conducted to determine the optimal substrate concentration of coconut meal (CM) and incubation time for production of β-mannanase from Eupenicillium javanicum. Both experiments were designed based on factorial. In the first experiment, the main factor was substrate concentration of 1, 2, and 3%, while the sub-factor was incubation time of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. The two factors were interacted highly significantly (P0.01). Since the highest β- mannanase activity, protein concentration and saccharification activity towards coconut meal were obtained from 3% CM after five day incubation time (P0.05), the second experiment was designed for higher substrate concentration. The main factor was also substrate concentration of 3, 4 and 5%, while the sub factor was incubation time of 5 and 6 days. The two factors were also interacted highly significantly (P0.01) for mannanase activity and protein concentration, while specific activity was not significantly different (P0.05). The best activity was obtained at 4% of coconut meal for five day incubation time, which was not significantly different with that of 3% at the same incubation time. Therefore, it was concluded from both experiments that the best enzyme production was obtained from 3% of coconut meal at incubation time of 5 days. Then, further experiments show that the enzyme had optimum pH at the range of 5.4-5.8, the same pH range in duodenum, while at pH 4.5 the activity was relatively low. Although, at pH 4.5 the enzyme activity was reduced, the enzyme was still active for four hours. At pH 5.8 and 6.5 the enzyme was quite stable. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was at 500C, higher than the body temperature of most poultry (400C). The reduction of enzyme activity at 400C could be overcome by increasing the enzyme concentration. The enzyme was stable after 4 hour incubation at 28 (room temperature) and 400C, however, the enzyme activity was considerably reduced at temperature of 900C after 60 second incubation. In the poultry digestion system the activity is not affected by temperature, but in the pelleting process where the steam temperature approximately 900C has to be limited for not more than 30 seconds.   Key words: Coconut meal, β-mannanase, Eupenicillium javanicum, pH and temperature characterizatio

Optimation of β-mannanase production on submerged culture of Eupenicillium javanicum as well as pH and temperature enzyme characterizations

Two successive experiments were conducted to determine the optimal substrate concentration of coconut meal (CM) and incubation time for production of β-mannanase from Eupenicillium javanicum. Both experiments were designed based on factorial. In the first experiment, the main factor was substrate concentration of 1, 2, and 3%, while the sub-factor was incubation time of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. The two factors were interacted highly significantly (P0.05). The best activity was obtained at 4% of coconut meal for five day incubation time, which was not significantly different with that of 3% at the same incubation time. Therefore, it was concluded from both experiments that the best enzyme production was obtained from 3% of coconut meal at incubation time of 5 days. Then, further experiments show that the enzyme had optimum pH at the range of 5.4-5.8, the same pH range in duodenum, while at pH 4.5 the activity was relatively low. Although, at pH 4.5 the enzyme activity was reduced, the enzyme was still active for four hours. At pH 5.8 and 6.5 the enzyme was quite stable. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was at 500C, higher than the body temperature of most poultry (400C). The reduction of enzyme activity at 400C could be overcome by increasing the enzyme concentration. The enzyme was stable after 4 hour incubation at 28 (room temperature) and 400C, however, the enzyme activity was considerably reduced at temperature of 900C after 60 second incubation. In the poultry digestion system the activity is not affected by temperature, but in the pelleting process where the steam temperature approximately 900C has to be limited for not more than 30 seconds