Three studies in economics

Section I. The impact of the U.S. wheat export enhancement program on the world wheat market. The U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) was included in the 1985 U.S. Food Security Act with a major objective being to increase sales of U.S. agricultural commodities. Through the EEP, the U.S. government subsidizes exports of agricultural commodities to targeted importing countries. The EEP was applied to the majority of U.S. wheat sales in 1987/88 and 1988/89. Coincident with the 1985 act and EEP legislation, U.S. wheat exports have increased significantly. This study uses a nonspatial, partial equilibrium model of world wheat trade to analyze the impact of the EEP on U.S. wheat exports and share of world wheat trade. The study indicates that the effect of the EEP on the wheat market over the period 1986/87 to 1988/89 has been a large displacement of commercial wheat sales (87-92%), with export additionality due to the EEP being only 8-13%. The impact of the EEP on other exporters\u27 wheat trade and importer demand has been small relative to the magnitude of total EEP sales;Section II. Export allocation and price discrimination policies under demand uncertainty. This paper investigates price discrimination policies for a large country disposing of a fixed quantity of output to a certain and an uncertain market. In addition to price elasticities of demand, risk is an important reason for price discrimination. A risk neutral government sets a higher price in the uncertain market than under certainty, but the effect of increased risk aversion is ambiguous. When exports are allocated ex ante, the risk neutral exporter allocates more output in the riskless market than under certainty. The ranking of price and quantity setting policies for foreign disposal of surplus output is generally ambiguous;Section III. An analysis of producer participation in government commodity programs. Participation decisions for profit maximizing producers in voluntary agricultural commodity programs are modeled to investigate the importance of the heterogeneity of land attributes in the participation decision. The comparative static analysis of changes in program parameters on aggregate participation, acreage planted, and input use is completed for a corn-soybean producer. A corn program participation rate equation is estimated using county level data for Iowa that provides support for the hypothesis that heterogeneity of land quality is a significant determinant in the program participation decision

Theoretical Guidance on the Determinants of Success in Agricultural Marketing and Production Clubs

Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Marketing,

Empirical Investigation of Flexible Pricing and Payment Alternatives on Canadian Wheat Board Pooling for Wheat

Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,

The NASA Langley laminar-flow-control experiment on a swept, supercritical airfoil: Suction coefficient analysis

A swept supercritical wing incorporating laminar flow control at transonic flow conditions was designed and tested. The definition of an experimental suction coefficient and a derivation of the compressible and incompressible formulas for the computation of the coefficient from measurable quantities is presented. The suction flow coefficient in the highest velocity nozzles is shown to be overpredicted by as much as 12 percent through the use of an incompressible formula. However, the overprediction on the computed value of suction drag when some of the suction nozzles were operating in the compressible flow regime is evaluated and found to be at most 6 percent at design conditions

The NASA Langley laminar-flow-control experiment on a swept, supercritical airfoil - Drag equations

The Langley Research Center has designed a swept, supercritical airfoil incorporating Laminar Flow Control for testing at transonic speeds. Analytical expressions have been developed and an evaluation made of the experimental section drag, composed of suction drag and wake drag, using theoretical design information and experimental data. The analysis shows that, although the sweep-induced boundary-layer crossflow influence on the wake drag is too large to be ignored and there is not a practical method for evaluating these crossflow effects on the experimental wake data, the conventional unswept 2-D wake-drag computation used in the reduction of the experimental data is at worst 10 percent too high

The NASA Langley Laminar-Flow-Control (LFC) experiment on a swept, supercritical airfoil: Design overview

A large-chord, swept, supercritical, laminar-flow-control (LFC) airfoil was designed and constructed and is currently undergoing tests in the Langley 8 ft Transonic Pressure Tunnel. The experiment was directed toward evaluating the compatibility of LFC and supercritical airfoils, validating prediction techniques, and generating a data base for future transport airfoil design as part of NASA's ongoing research program to significantly reduce drag and increase aircraft efficiency. Unique features of the airfoil included a high design Mach number with shock free flow and boundary layer control by suction. Special requirements for the experiment included modifications to the wind tunnel to achieve the necessary flow quality and contouring of the test section walls to simulate free air flow about a swept model at transonic speeds. Design of the airfoil with a slotted suction surface, the suction system, and modifications to the tunnel to meet test requirements are discussed

Bounded cohomology of subgroups of mapping class groups

We show that every subgroup of the mapping class group MCG(S) of a compact surface S is either virtually abelian or it has infinite dimensional second bounded cohomology. As an application, we give another proof of the Farb-Kaimanovich-Masur rigidity theorem that states that MCG(S) does not contain a higher rank lattice as a subgroup.Comment: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol6/paper4.abs.htm

Volume 1, Number 02, February, 1865

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Volume 1, Number 01, January, 1865

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Volume 1, Number 03, March, 1865

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