Normative Data of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Community—Dwelling Older Japanese

Background: The amounts of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and sedentary time (ST) by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) in older Japanese adults have not been known. We conducted this study to determine the actual physical activity (PA) and ST in this population. Subjects and Methods: A total of 3998 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥65 years were investigated. Their levels of PA and ST and number of steps taken daily were assessed for seven consecutive days by a tri-axial accelerometer. Normative values of daily PA and ST were analyzed by age and BMI groups in the men and the women and are presented as mean, median, or decile. Results: The subjects generally adhered to the PA guideline, i.e., ≥10 metabolic equivalents (METs)·hour MVPA per week. Older age was associated with lower adherence to the PA guideline. Conclusions: Normative values (mean, median, or decile) were yielded for MVPA, LPA, and ST based on accelerometer readings in a large sample of older community-dwelling Japanese adults. One-half of the subjects’ waking time was spent being sedentary, and >70% of the subjects met the current PA guideline by engaging in MVPA

Associations between various types of activity and physical frailty in older Japanese: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Physical activity is known to help prevent physical frailty, but it is not clear which physical activities practiced alone or in combination are most closely associated with a lower risk of physical frailty. We investigated differences in the associations of exercise habit, social participation, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with physical frailty and its components among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Subjects and methods A total of 831 older adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical frailty was defined based on the Fried et al. criteria. Exercise habit was defined as exercising ≥ 30 min per day for ≥ 2 days per week for ≥ 1 year. Social participation was defined as participating in community activities ≥ 1/week. MVPA was defined as ≥ 300 min/week of moderate physical activity (MPA) or 150 min/week of vigorous physical activity (VPA). We classified the participants into eight groups according to the presence/absence of these activities, and we performed a logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between different activities, both alone and in combination, and physical frailty. Results The prevalence of physical pre-frailty + frailty was 74.8% in the None group, 65.0% in the Exercise habit group, 76.3% in the Social participation group, 56.5% in the MVPA group, 58.7% in the Exercise habit + Social participation group, 44.0% in the Exercise habit + MVPA group, 41.3% in the Social participation + MVPA group, and 38.0% in the All group. Compared to the None group, the groups in which participants were engaged in any combination of two or more types of activity, as well as the MVPA-alone group had significantly lower risks of physical pre-frailty + frailty. Conclusion Community-dwelling older Japanese adults who engaged in MVPA or any combination of two or more types of physical activity as defined herein had lower risks of physical pre-frailty and frailty

Association between Walking Habit and Physical Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether older adults who practice walking have a lower risk of physical frailty than those who do not. The study subjects were 846 older adults and were not certified as needing support or nursing care. The subjects were classified as being physically frail or pre-frail or being robust, according to the revision of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. We classified the subjects by questionnaire into a no-exercise group, walking-only group, walking plus other exercise group, and exercise other than walking group. In logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were shown. Compared to the no-exercise group, the OR (95%CI) for physical frailty was 0.85 (0.48–1.49) for the walking-only group, 0.54 (0.36–0.83) for the walking plus other exercise group, and 0.67 (0.47–0.97) for the exercise other than walking group. In the components of physical frailty, the walking plus other exercise group and the exercise other than group had significantly lower ORs for exhaustion. Older adults who only practiced walking as an exercise do not have lower risks of physical frailty and pre-frailty. Older adults who combine walking with other exercises or practice non-walking exercises have lower risks of them

地域在住高齢者の身体活動基準策定に関する疫学研究 : 複数コホート研究

修士（人間環境学

高齢者における身体活動と体力との関連性

Japan is one of the countries which aging has enveloped rapidly. In order to prevent disability and decline of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among older adults, appropriate evaluation of physical activity and physical fitness has been needed. The purpose of this study was to review the previous articles which mention of "physical activity" and "physical fitness" and "older adults" and "cohort". As a result, 18 articles were matched conditions and included in this review. Regarding to these articles, 4 articles were from Asian countries, one was from Europe and North America, another one was from Europe, and 12 articles were from North America. Characteristically, 4 articles from Asian were published within recent 5 years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometer (3 articles), Smartwatch (1 article), and only by questionnaire (14 articles). Main items of physical fitness were walking ability, strength of hand grip and chair-standing respectively. Regarding to main results, only two studies mentioned of both physical activity and physical fitness, and some studies had different main outcomes. In conclusion, given that subjective method has possibility to occur recall-bias in older adults, objectively measured physical activity is needed to examine the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness among older adults in future study.１ ． はじめに / ２ ． 高齢者における身体活動と体力の実態 / ３ ． 身体活動と体力との関連の系統レビュー / ４ ． 考察 / ５ ． まとめと今後の課題 / ６ ． 結