2,271 research outputs found
The Cluster Wind from Local Massive Star Clusters
Results of a study of the theoretically predicted and observed X-ray
properties of local massive star clusters are presented, with a focus on
understanding the mass and energy flow from these clusters into the ISM via a
cluster wind. A simple theoretical model, based on the work of Chevalier &
Clegg (1985), is used to predict the theoretical cluster properties, and these
are compared to those obtained from recent Chandra observations. The model
includes the effect of lower energy transfer efficiency and mass-loading. In
spite of limited statistics, some general trends are indicated; the observed
temperature of the diffuse X-ray emission is lower than that predicted from the
stellar mass and energy input rates, but the predicted scaling of X-ray
luminosity with cluster parameters is seen. The implications of these results
are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figues, accepted for publication in MNRA
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Abstract not availabl
Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 4214: The Hot Interstellar Medium and the Luminosity Function of Dwarf Starbursts
We present results from Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations of NGC
4214, a nearby dwarf starburst galaxy containing several young regions of very
active star-formation. Starburst regions are known to be associated with
diffuse X-ray emission, and in this case the X-ray emission from the galaxy
shows an interesting morphological structure within the galaxy, clearly
associated with the central regions of active star-formation. Of the two main
regions of star-formation in this galaxy, X-ray emission associated with the
older is identified whereas little is detected from the younger, providing an
insight into the evolutionary process of the formation of superbubbles around
young stellar clusters. The spectra of the diffuse emission from the galaxy can
be fitted with a two temperature component thermal model with kT=0.14keV and
0.52keV, and analysis of this emission suggests that NGC 4214 will suffer a
blow-out in the future.
The point source population of the galaxy has an X-ray luminosity function
with a slope of -0.76. This result, together with those for other dwarf
starburst galaxies (NGC 4449 and NGC 5253), was added to a sample of luminosity
functions for spiral and starburst galaxies. The slope of the luminosity
function of dwarf starbursts is seen to be similar to that of their larger
counterparts and clearly flatter than those seen in spirals. Further
comparisons between the luminosity functions of starbursts and spiral galaxies
are also made.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Dyslexia or Literacy Difficulties: What Difference Does a Label Make? Exploring the Perceptions and Experiences of Young People
This study explores the views of young people (YP), with and without self-reported dyslexia or literacy difficulties, focussing on the impact of labels. Qualitative data were gathered through an online survey and individual interviews. The study highlights how the presence or absence of a label can impact peopleâs perceptions. Dyslexia was perceived as biological in origin; therefore, YP with the label were seen as not to blame for their difficulties. However, more negative judgements were made about YP without the label but with the same difficulties. Participants viewed the label as important for gaining support, yet highlighted the potential for discrimination in terms of access to diagnosis and resources. What was important to participants with dyslexia was not necessarily the label but the support that they received and how they were viewed by others. Implications for school professionals are discussed in terms of ensuring that YP feel empowered by the way they are described
The Impact of COVID-19 on Utah Women and Work: Changes, Burnout, & Hope
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020â2021 has impacted all Utahns in profound ways. Yet, a host of national and global reports have argued that womenâs employment and careers have been disproportionately impacted during this time. For example, a McKinsey & Company and Lean In report stated that women are more likely to have been laid off or furloughed, leading to greater financial instability and stalled careers. The Institute for Womenâs Policy Research reported that women, and particularly women of color, have unduly experienced job losses and have had greater struggles with managing paid work, caregiving responsibilities, and other types of unpaid work obligations. And the United Nations asserted that the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened preexisting inequalities across every sphere, including a global economy
The Impact of COVID-19 on Utah Women and Work: Childcare and Homeschooling
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020â2021 has impacted workers across the globe. Women have been disproportionately impacted during this time. At one point during the pandemic, a publication from the National Womenâs Law Center reported that women dropped out of the workforce at a rate four times that of men. Utah has seen similar negative impacts on working women. The Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute at the University of Utah reported that from 2019 to 2020, jobs held by women declined at a rate more than double that of men, and unemployment rose more for females than males. One major reason for these discrepancies is likely the large burden women have carried for childcare and homeschooling children as daycare facilities and schools were closed in efforts to curb the spread of the virus. In fact, a McKinsey and Lean In study reported that, in dual-income households, mothers were three times more likely than fathers to bear the main responsibility for a majority of housework and childcare. Gallup recently confirmed that women with children left the workforce at a significantly greater rate than men with children
The Impact of COVID-19 on Utah Women and Work: Resilient Mindset and Wellbeing
The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020â2021 continues to impact all Utahnsâ daily lives. Nationally, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Pew Research Center, the Federal Reserve Bank, and sources such as the Wall Street Journal continue to report that womenâs employment and careers have been disproportionately impacted during this time. Utah has seen similar negative impacts on working women. For example, the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute at the University of Utah reported that from 2019 to 2020, jobs held by women declined at a rate more than double that of men, and unemployment rose more for females than males
Crassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel activity follows transcript abundance and is suppressed by apoplastic malate
* Plants utilizing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO while reducing transpirational water loss associated with photosynthesis. Unlike stomata of C3 and C4 species, CAM stomata open at night for the mesophyll to fix CO2 into malate (Mal) and store it in the vacuole. CAM plants decarboxylate Mal in the light, generating high CO2 concentrations within the leaf behind closed stomata for refixation by RuBisCO.
* CO2 may contribute to stomatal closure but additional mechanisms, plausibly including Mal activation of anion channels, ensure closure in the light.
* In the CAM species KalanchoĂ« fedtschenkoi, we found that guard cell anion channel activity, recorded under voltage clamp, follows KfSLAC1 and KfALMT12 transcript abundance, declining to nearâzero by the end of the light period. Unexpectedly, however, we found that extracellular Mal inhibited the anion current of KalanchoĂ« guard cells, both in wildâtype and RNAi mutants with impaired Mal metabolism.
* We conclude that the diurnal cycle of anion channel gene transcription, rather than the physiological signal of Mal release, is a key factor in the inverted CAM stomatal cycle
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