258 research outputs found
Pick-n-mix approaches to technology supply : XML as a standard âglueâ linking universalised locals
We report on our experiences in a participatory design project to develop ICTs in a hospital ward
working with deliberate self-harm patients. This project involves the creation and constant re-creation of
sociotechnical ensembles in which XML-related technologies may come to play vital roles. The importance of
these technologies arises from the aim underlying the project of creating systems that are shaped in locally
meaningful ways but reach beyond their immediate context to gain wider importance. We argue that XML is
well placed to play the role of "glue" that binds multiple such systems together. We analyse the implications of
localised systems development for technology supply and argue that inscriptions that are evident in XML-related
standards are and will be very important for the uptake of XML technologies
Healthcare technologies and professional vision
This paper presents some details from an observational evaluation of a computer assisted detection tool in mammography. The use of the tool, its strengths and weaknesses, are documented and its impact on reader's 'professional vision' (Goodwin 1994) considered. The
paper suggests issues for the design, use and, importantly, evaluation of new technologies in
everyday medical work, pointing to general issues concerning trust â usersâ perception of the dependability of the evidence generated by such tools and suggesting that evaluations require an emphasis on the complex issue of what technologies afford their users in everyday work
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Use of computer-aided detection (CAD) tools in screening mammography: a multidisciplinary investigation
We summarise a set of analyses and studies conducted to assess the effects of the use of a computer-aided detection (CAD) tool in breast screening. We have used an interdisciplinary approach that combines: (a) statistical analyses inspired by reliability modelling in engineering; (b) experimental studies of decisions of mammography experts using the tool, interpreted in the light of human factors psychology; and (c) ethnographic observations of the use of the tool both in trial conditions and in everyday screening practice. Our investigations have shown patterns of human behaviour and effects of computer-based advice that would not have been revealed by a standard clinical trial approach. For example, we found that the negligible measured effect of CAD could be explained by a range of effects on experts' decisions, beneficial in some cases and detrimental in others. There is some evidence of the latter effects being due to the experts using the computer tool differently from the intentions of the developers. We integrate insights from the different pieces of evidence and highlight their implications for the design, evaluation and deployment of this sort of computer tool
Abstractions, accounts and grid usability
The vision of the Grid is one of seamless, virtual and constantly changing resources where users need not concern themselves about details, such as exactly where an application is running or where their data is being stored. However, seamless and virtual often imply a lack of control that users may be wary of, or even opposed to. Drawing upon our studies of HCI and of collaborative work, this paper examines whether the Grid development community should be taking this vision literally and argues for the need for accountability of systems âin interactionâ. We give examples of an alternative approach that seeks to provide ways in which administrators, technical support and user communities can make sense of the behaviour of the complex socio-technical ensembles that are the reality of Grids
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Effects of incorrect computer-aided detection (CAD) output on human decision-making in mammography
To investigate the effects of incorrect computer output on the reliability of the decisions of human users. This work followed an independent UK clinical trial that evaluated the impact of computer-aided detection(CAD) in breast screening. The aim was to use data from this trial to feed into probabilistic models (similar to those used in "reliability engineering") which would detect and assess possible ways of improving the human-CAD interaction. Some analyses required extra data; therefore, two supplementary studies were conducted. Study 1 was designed to elucidate the effects of computer failure on human performance. Study 2 was conducted to clarify unexpected findings from Study 1
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