Antimony doped Tin Oxide/Polyethylenimine Electron Selective Contact for reliable and light soaking-free high Performance Inverted Organic Solar Cells

We have demonstrated a high-performance low temperature solution processed electron selective contact consisting of 10 at% antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) and the neutral polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). Inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) utilizing ATO/PEI as electron selective contact exhibited high power conversion efficiencies for both the reference P3HT: PCBM and the non-fullerene based P3HT- IDTBR active layer OPV material systems. Importantly it is shown that the proposed ATO/PEI carrier selective contact provides light soaking-free inverted OPVs. Furthermore, by increasing the thickness of ATO layer from 40 to 120 nm the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding inverted OPVs remain unaffected a parameter which indicates the potential of the proposed ATO/PEI carrier selective contact for high performance light-soaking-free and reliable roll-to-roll printing solutions processed inverted OPVs.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics Using Flame Spray Pyrolysis Solution Based CuAlO2/Cu−O Hole-Selective Contact

We present the functionalization process of a conductive and transparent CuAlO2/Cu-O hole-transporting layer (HTL). The CuAlO2/Cu-O powders were developed by flame spray pyrolysis and their stabilized dispersions were treated by sonication and centrifugation methods. We show that when the supernatant part of the treated CuAlO2/Cu-O dispersions is used for the development of CuAlO2/Cu-O HTLs the corresponding inverted perovskite-based solar cells show improved functionality and power conversion efficiency of up to 16.3% with negligible hysteresis effect

Recrystallization of Adenosine for Localized Drug Delivery

Adenosine (ADO) is an endogenous metabolite with immense potential to be repurposed as an immunomodulatory therapeutic, as preclinical studies have demonstrated in models of epilepsy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and traumatic brain injury, among others. The currently licensed products Adenocard and Adenoscan are formulated at 3 mg/mL of ADO for rapid bolus intravenous injection, but the systemic administration of the saline formulations for anti-inflammatory purposes is limited by the nucleoside\u27s profound hemodynamic effects. Moreover, concentrations that can be attained in the airway or the brain through direct instillation or injection are limited by the volumes that can be accommodated in the anatomical space (humans) and the rapid elimination by enzymatic and transport mechanisms in the interstitium (half-life \u3c5 \u3es). As such, highly concentrated formulations of ADO are needed to attain pharmacologically relevant concentrations at sites of tissue injury. Herein, we report a previously uncharacterized crystalline form of ADO (rcADO) in which 6.7 mg/mL of the nucleoside is suspended in water. Importantly, the crystallinity is not diminished in a protein-rich environment, as evidenced by resuspending the crystals in albumin (15% w/v). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of crystalline ADO generated using a facile and organic solvent-free method aimed at localized drug delivery. The crystalline suspension may be suitable for developing ADO into injectable formulations for attaining high concentrations of the endogenous nucleoside in inflammatory locales

Significance of miscibility in multidonor bulk heterojunction solar cells

Ternary organic blends have potential in realizing efficient bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells by harvesting a larger portion of the solar spectrum than binary blends. Several challenging requirements, based on the electronic structure of the components of the ternary blend and their nanoscale morphology, need to be met in order to achieve high power conversion efficiency in ternary BHJs. The properties of a model ternary system comprising two donor polymers, poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a furan‐containing, diketopyrrolopyrrole‐thiophene low‐bandgap polymer (PDPP2FT), with a fullerene acceptor, PC_(61)BM, were examined. The relative miscibility of PC_(61)BM with P3HT and PDPP2FT was examined using diffusion with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (dynamic SIMS) measurements. Grazing incidence small and wide angle X‐ray scattering analysis (GISAXS and GIWAXS) were used to study the morphology of the ternary blends. These measurements, along with optoelectronic characterization of ternary blend solar cells, indicate that the miscibility of the fullerene acceptor and donor polymers is a critical factor in the performance in a ternary cell. A guideline that the miscibility of the fullerene in the two polymers should be matched is proposed and further substantiated by examination of known well‐performing ternary blends. The ternary blending of semiconducting components can improve the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics. The blending of P3HT and PDPP2FT with PC_(61)BM leads to good absorptive coverage of the incident solar spectrum and cascading transport energy levels. The performance of this ternary blend reveals the impact of the miscibility of PC_(61)BM in each polymer as a function of composition, highlighting an important factor for optimization of ternary BHJs