Qualifikationsspielräume bei Anwendung der Mikroelektronik

"Indem die Mikroelektronik in einer zunehmend größeren Anzahl von Arbeitsprozessen als Arbeitsmittel oder Teil von Arbeitsmitteln angewandt wird, ist sie auch mit verschiedenartigen Formen der Arbeitsorganisation und der Qualifikationsverteilung verbunden. Angesichts dieser Vielgestaltigkeit erhebt sich die Frage, ob auf verschiedene Anwendungsfelder der Mikroelektronik übergreifende Effekte festzustellen sind. Anhand von Ergebnissen sowohl aus dem industriell-verarbeitenden wie aus dem Büro-/Verwaltungsbereich wird gezeigt, daß ähnliche Qualifikationsspielräume über Anwendungsbereiche hinweg bestehen. Die Ausfüllung dieser Spielräume hängt von der Art wirtschaftlich-technischer Strategien ab, die im Unternehmen zur Geltung kommen. Unterschiede zwischen nationalen Systemen der Berufsbildung und der Betriebsleistung werden durch Anwendung neuer Techniken nicht verwischt, sondern bestehen weiter. Technikfolgen werden vor allem durch den Anwendungszusammenhang der Technik bestimmt. Der Anwendungszusammenhang hat sich aber im Zeitablauf aufgrund gesamtwirtschaftlicher Verschiebungen so geändert, daß zumindest ein Aufhalten, wenn nicht ein Umkehren der Tendenz zur Polarisierung von Qualifikationsstrukturen bemerkbar ist." (Autorenreferat)Mikroelektronik, Qualifikationsstruktur, Arbeitsorganisation

Advancing numerics for the Casimir effect to experimentally relevant aspect ratios

Within the scattering theoretical approach, the Casimir force is obtained numerically by an evaluation of the round trip of an electromagnetic wave between the objects involved. Recently [Hartmann M et al. 2017, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 043901] it was shown that a symmetrization of the scattering operator provides significant advantages for the numerical evaluation of the Casimir force in the experimentally relevant sphere-plane geometry. Here, we discuss in more detail how the symmetrization modifies the scattering matrix in the multipole basis and how computational time is reduced. As an application, we discuss how the Casimir force in the sphere-plane geometry deviates from the proximity force approximation as a function of the geometric parameters.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Proximity force approximation and specular reflection: Application of the WKB limit of Mie scattering to the Casimir effect

The electromagnetic Casimir interaction between two spheres is studied within the scattering approach using the plane-wave basis. It is demonstrated that the proximity force approximation (PFA) corresponds to the specular-reflection limit of Mie scattering. Using the leading-order semiclassical WKB approximation for the direct reflection term in the Debye expansion for the scattering amplitudes, we prove that PFA provides the correct leading-order divergence for arbitrary materials and temperatures in the sphere-sphere and the plane-sphere geometry. Our derivation implies that only a small section around the points of closest approach between the interacting spherical surfaces contributes in the PFA regime. The corresponding characteristic length scale is estimated from the width of the Gaussian integrand obtained within the saddle-point approximation. At low temperatures, the area relevant for the thermal corrections is much larger than the area contributing to the zero-temperature result.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac function in a chronic ischemic heart failure model in the rat: Assessment with tissue Doppler and non-Doppler 2D strain echocardiography

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>Feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of cardiac function after surgically induced ischemic cardiomyopathy with tissue Doppler and non-Doppler 2D strain echocardiography in rats.</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The optimal method for quantitative assessment of global and regional ventricular function in rats with chronic heart failure for research purposes remains unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>20 rats underwent suture ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery via a left thoracotomy to induce ischemic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiographic examination with estimation of left ventricular wall thickness, diameters, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, wall velocities as well as radial strain were performed before and 4 weeks after surgery.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean LVEF decreased from 70 ± 6% to 40 ± 8% (p < 0.0001) one month after the operation. LVEDD increased from 7 ± 1 mm to 9 ± 1 mm (p < 0.0001), systolic anterior velocity decreased from 0.79 ± 0.25 cm/s to 0.18 ± 0.19 cm/s (p < 0.0001). Radial 2D strain was significantly reduced after myocardial infarction of the septal (18.2 ± 6.6% vs 7.0 ± 5.9%, p < 0.001), anteroseptal (17.3 ± 5.2% vs 4.6 ± 3.0%, p < 0.0001), anterior (18.9 ± 5.9% vs 5.6 ± 2.5%, p < 0.0001), lateral (21.4 ± 4.9% vs 8.1 ± 3.5%, p < 0.0001) as well as posterior myocardial segments (19.3 ± 5.2% vs 15.4 ± 5.5%, p < 0.01). Inferior segments (19.2 ± 7.9% vs 17.8 ± 7.9%, ns) did not change at all.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is feasible to assess dimensions, global function, and regional contractility with echocardiography in rats suffering from chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction. Particularly regional function can be exactly evaluated if tissue Doppler and 2D strain is used.</p

TCT-251 Abnormal glucose metabolism and adverse event rates 12 months after treatment with contemporary drug-eluting stents:Insights from the BIO-RESORT Silent Diabetes study

BACKGROUND: Patients with abnormal glucose metabolism, including patients with undetected and thus untreated diabetes, may have higher event risks after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with contemporary drug-eluting stents (DES). We assessed the prevalence and clinical impact of abnormal glucose metabolism in allcomer patients without previously known diabetes undergoing PCI. METHODS: The BIO-RESORT Silent Diabetes study, performed at Thoraxcentrum Twente, is a substudy of the randomized BIO-RESORT trial (NCT01674803). We performed an additional analysis identifying patients with an abnormal glucose metabolism by means of oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), and assessment of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and clinical outcome at 12 months. RESULTS: Assessment of glucose metabolism revealed that of the 988 participants a total 330 (33.4%) patients had an abnormal metabolism, while 658 (66.6%) patients had a normal metabolism. Patients with abnormal glucose metabolism showed higher rates of the primary endpoint Target Vessel Failure (6.4% vs. 2.7%; p0.01), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an abnormal glucose metabolism independently predicted adverse event risk (HR 2.2, 95%-CI:1.2-4.2). CONCLUSION: Abnormal glucose metabolism was detected in one out of three PCI all-comer patients and independently associated with a more than 2-fold higher event risk. Future intervention studies should determine whether meaningful benefits may accrue from routine glycaemia testing in such patients

TCT-819 Prediabetes and its Impact on 1-Year Clinical Outcome After Treatment with Newer-Generation Drug-eluting Stents in 2,986 All-Comer Patients

BACKGROUND Prediabetes (Pre-DM) is a risk factor state for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). Yet it is unclear whether detection of Pre-DM by routine assessment of glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may help identify subjects with increased event risk. We assessed in all-comers who underwent PCI with contemporary drug-eluting stents (DES) the relation between glycaemia status and 1-year clinical outcome. METHODS HbA1c and FPG was determined in 2,362 non-DM participants in the multicenter, randomized, investigator-initiated TWENTE III trial, in order to identify Pre-DM (HbA1c 42-47mmol/mol; FPG 6.1- 6.9 mmol/L) and DM (HbA1c>=48mmol/mol; FPG >7 mmol/L). Another 624 patients had medically treated DM. The main clinical outcome parameter was a composite endpoint consisting of death, myocardial infarction, or revascularisation. RESULTS Glycaemic state was known in 2,986 trial participants: Pre- DM was present in 324 (11%), DM in 793 (27%), and normoglycaemia in 1,869 (63%) patients. Patients with Pre-DM and DM differed from normoglycemic patients in cardiovascular risk factors. The composite clinical endpoint in Pre-DM occurred in 11.1%, in DM in 10.5%, and in normoglycemic patients in 5.7% (