3 research outputs found
Magnetic free energy at elevated temperatures and hysteresis of magnetic particles
We derive a free energy for weakly anisotropic ferromagnets which is valid in
the whole temperature range and interpolates between the micromagnetic energy
at zero temperature and the Landau free energy near the Curie point T_c. This
free energy takes into account the change of the magnetization length due to
thermal effects, in particular, in the inhomogeneous states. As an
illustration, we study the thermal effect on the Stoner-Wohlfarth curve and
hysteresis loop of a ferromagnetic nanoparticle assuming that it is in a
single-domain state. Within this model, the saddle point of the particle's free
energy, as well as the metastability boundary, are due to the change in the
magnetization length sufficiently close to T_c, as opposed to the usual
homogeneous rotation process at lower temperatures.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Fokker-Planck and Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch Equations for Classical Ferromagnets
A macroscopic equation of motion for the magnetization of a ferromagnet at
elevated temperatures should contain both transverse and longitudinal
relaxation terms and interpolate between Landau-Lifshitz equation at low
temperatures and the Bloch equation at high temperatures. It is shown that for
the classical model where spin-bath interactions are described by stochastic
Langevin fields and spin-spin interactions are treated within the mean-field
approximation (MFA), such a ``Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch'' (LLB) equation can be
derived exactly from the Fokker-Planck equation, if the external conditions
change slowly enough. For weakly anisotropic ferromagnets within the MFA the
LLB equation can be written in a macroscopic form based on the free-energy
functional interpolating between the Landau free energy near T_C and the
``micromagnetic'' free energy, which neglects changes of the magnetization
magnitude |{\bf M}|, at low temperatures.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, a small error correcte