84 research outputs found
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DTC Prescription Drug Advertising: The History and Impact of FDA Regulation
This paper traces the history of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising for prescription drugs in the United States, beginning with the enactment of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act in 1938 and continuing through the current state of FDA regulation. A detailed analysis of how the promulgation of DTC ads has affected a variety of groups (including consumers, the medical profession, pharmaceutical companies, the government, and advertisers) is followed by a brief look at a well-known DTC ad campaign (Schering-Plough’s Claritin). The paper questions whether DTC ads are a constructive or a deconstructive element of the American healthcare system and concludes by offering an opinion on the current state of DTC advertising regulation and enforcement by the FDA
MS 032 Guide to Ruth Hartgraves, MD Papers, 1901-1995
The Ruth Hartgraves, MD papers (MS032) consists of biographical information, correspondence, professional records, certificates, professional organizaiton records, notebooks, travel books, scrapbooks, photographs audiovisual materials, ephemera, and artifacts that document the life, family, and career of Dr. Ruth Hartgraves. See more at https://archives.library.tmc.edu/ms-032
Independence of Academic Accountants: Accounting Educators May Need Norms of Professional Conduct
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Carbachol- and ACPD-Induced Phosphoinositide Responses in the Developing Rat Neocortex
Signal transduction via the phosphoinositide (PI) second messenger system has key roles in the development and plasticity of the neocortex. The present study localized PI responses to individual cortical layers in slices of developing rat somatosensory cortex. The acetylcholine agonist carbachol and the glutamate agonist trans-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (ACPD) were used to stimulate PI turnover. The PI responses were compared to the distribution of the corresponding PI-linked receptors in order to investigate the regional ontogeny of PI coupling to receptors in relation to neural development. The method for assessing PI turnover was modified from Hwang et al. (1990). This method images the PI response autoradiographically through the localizaton of [3H]cytidine that has been incorporated into the membrane-bound intermediate, cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol. In each age group (postnatal days 4-30), carbachol resulted in more overall labeling than ACPD. For both agonists, the response peaked on postnatal day 10 (P10) and was lowest in the oldest age group. The laminar distribution of the carbachol PI response from P4-P16 corresponded fairly well with the laminar distribution of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding (Fuchs, 1995). However, in the subplate layer the carbachol response was strong while receptor binding was minimal. The carbachol response decreased after postnatal day 10, while the overall levels of receptor binding continued to increase. From P5 - P14, PI-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors are most concentrated in layer IV (Blue et al., 1997), whereas only on P6 was there a correspondingly high ACPD-initiated PI response in this layer. Unlike receptors, the PI response was strong in upper V (P4 - P12) and within layers II/III (P8 - P16). From P4 - P21, the subplate showed relatively high PI labeling compared to receptor binding. The several differences between the distribution of PI response and receptors suggest spatiotemporal heterogeneity of receptor coupling to second messenger systems
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Effectiveness of a fluidized bed in filtration of airborne particulate of submicron size
Submicron particulate (mean size of 0.52 microns) was filtered
from air at substantially atmospheric temperature and pressure by
passing air up through a bed of fluidized glass shot in a two inch column.
Removal efficiency, defined as the percentage removal of
particulate from the air stream, was essentially constant during the
life of the bed and independent of the entering concentration over the
range of 0.1 to 5 milligrams per cubic meter. Varying superficial
gas flow rates from 8.75 to 25 feet per minute and bed heights from 5
to 12 inches, resulted in filtration efficiencies ranging from about 50
to 90 percent. Removal efficiency of the fluidized bed improved with
increased bed height and decreasing superficial gas flow velocities.
Analysis of filtration mechanisms indicated that inertial impaction
forces may be considered negligible and that the predominant
effects are Brownian diffusion, direct interception and induced electrostatic
attraction. An equation is presented describing effective
filtration efficiency as a function of mean sizes of challenging aerosol
and bed material, air viscosity and density, bed height-to-diameter
ratio, and superficial gas flow velocity.
Analyses and tests indicated particulate approximately 0.5
micron in diameter to be the most difficult to remove from the air
stream by use of the fluidized bed. Filtration efficiencies were
found for both larger and smaller particles
Conserved Expression of the Glutamate NMDA Receptor 1 Subunit Splice Variants during the Development of the Siberian Hamster Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Glutamate neurotransmission and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) are central to photic signaling to the master circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). NMDARs also play important roles in brain development including visual input circuits. The functional NMDAR is comprised of multiple subunits, but each requiring the NR1 subunit for normal activity. The NR1 can be alternatively spliced to produce isoforms that confer different functional properties on the NMDAR. The SCN undergoes extensive developmental changes during postnatal life, including synaptogenesis and acquisition of photic signaling. These changes are especially important in the highly photoperiodic Siberian hamster, in which development of sensitivity to photic cues within the SCN could impact early physiological programming. In this study we examined the expression of NR1 isoforms in the hamster at different developmental ages. Gene expression in the forebrain was quantified by in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes specific to alternatively spliced regions of the NR1 heteronuclear mRNA, including examination of anterior hypothalamus, piriform cortex, caudate-putamen, thalamus and hippocampus. Gene expression analysis within the SCN revealed the absence of the N1 cassette, the presence of the C2 cassette alone and the combined absence of C1 and C2 cassettes, indicating that the dominant splice variants are NR1-2a and NR1-4a. Whilst we observe changes at different developmental ages in levels of NR1 isoform probe hybridization in various forebrain structures, we find no significant changes within the SCN. This suggests that a switch in NR1 isoform does not underlie or is not produced by developmental changes within the hamster SCN. Consistency of the NR1 isoforms would ensure that the response of the SCN cells to photic signals remains stable throughout life, an important aspect of the function of the SCN as a responder to environmental changes in quality/quantity of light over the circadian day and annual cycle
ChemInform Abstract: Regiochemistry, Mechanism and Synthesis of Allylic Trifluoromethylsulfones (Triflones)
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Doctoral Recitals
Recital presented at the UNT College of Music Voertman Hall in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) degree
Theory & Practice: Current Valuation Of Long Term Debt: A Proposal For Supplemental Disclosure
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