Nem-konvencionális gyógymódok a háziorvos szemszögéből

INTRODUCTION: The patients initiate the use of complementary and alternative medicine and this often remains hidden from their primary care physician. AIM: To explore general practitioners' knowledge and attitude towards complementary and alternative medicine, and study the need and appropriate forms of education, as well as ask their opinion on integration of alternative medicine into mainstream medicine. METHOD: A voluntary anonymous questionnaire was used on two conferences for general practitioners organized by the Family Medicine Department of Semmelweis University. Complementary and alternative medicine was defined by the definition of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and certified modalities were all listed. RESULTS: 194 general practitioners answered the questionnaire (39.8% response rate). 14% of the responders had licence in at least one complementary and alternative medicine modalities, 45% used complementary and alternative medicine in their family in case of illnesses. It was the opinion of the majority (91.8%) that it was necessary to be familiar with every method used by their patients, however, 82.5% claimed not to have enough knowledge in complementary medicine. Graduate and postgraduate education in the field was thought to be necessary by 86% of the responders; increased odds for commitment in personal education was found among female general practitioners, less than 20 years professional experience and personal experience of alternative medicine. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that general practitioners would like to know more about complementary and alternative medicine modalities used by their patients. They consider education of medical professionals necessary and a special group is willing to undergo further education in the field. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(28), 1133-1139

Investigation of Allotropic ß→α-Sn Transition in High Tin Content Solder Alloys with Different Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques

In the microelectronics, β-Sn (white tin) is the base material of the solder alloys and surface finishes. The so-called “tin pest” phenomenon is the spontaneous allotropic transition of ß-Sn to the semiconductor α-Sn (gray tin) below 13.2°C. In this work, different microscopy and spectroscopy techniques were applied to characterize the tin pest phenomenon in the case of different solder alloys and inoculator materials as well as to study the applicability of these techniques in tin pest research. The optical imaging technique was used to compare the surface marks of the allotropic transition in the case of different inoculator materials. The development of the transition towards the sample bodies was studied on metallurgical cross-sections. Electrical resistance measurements were applied to determine the different phases of the transition in the case of different alloys and inoculators. The grain sliding and α -Sn expansion during the transition was observed by scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam - scanning ionic microscopy. The ratio of the transitioned tin and the duration of the transition process was determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Our results have shown that the transition phases can considerably differ at the different alloys and inoculators, like different nucleation, growth, and the saturation phase. The accurate characterization of the transition in the given material combinations is possible only with the combined application of the applied analytical methods

The existence of an inverse limit of inverse system of measure spaces - a purely measurable case

The existence of an inverse limit of an inverse system of (probability) measure spaces has been investigated since the very beginning of the birth of the modern probability theory. Results from Kolmogorov [10], Bochner [2], Choksi [5], Metivier [14], Bourbaki [3] among others have paved the way of the deep understanding of the problem under consideration. All the above results, however, call for some topological concepts, or at least ones which are closely related topological ones. In this paper we investigate purely measurable inverse systems of (probability) measure spaces, and give a sucient condition for the existence of a unique inverse limit. An example for the considered purely measurable inverse systems of (probability) measure spaces is also given

Production Technology and Competitiveness In the Hungarian Manufacturing Industry

Following the big transformations of the 1990s, enterprise structure and technological level seem to have become stabilised in Hungary. Under these circumstances it is especially interesting to identify the elements responsible for competitiveness in general, and the role technology plays in development in particular, according to managers experienced in production and marketing. This empirical study – based on in-depth interviews and field research – summarises characteristics of the technological level in the sectors examined, role of technology and labour in production, effects of foreign direct investment, relations between competition and firm-level factors determining competitiveness, and concludes by summing up those most frequently mentioned proposals that should be incorporated into economic policy according to managers. Main findings indicate that more qualified, more intensive and cheaper labour can be substituted for high technology. The competitiveness of an enterprise is not determined by technology alone, but rather by a combination of technology, the parameters of available labour and the costs of investment increasing productivity. The insufficiency of inter-company relations, together with a shortage of available assets necessary for investment constitute the major threat undermining the competitiveness of enterprises in present-day Hungary

Mikroszatellita-instabilitás előfordulása, intratumoralis heterogenitása, prognosztikus és prediktív potenciálja primer colorectalis carcinomák és párosított májáttéteik sebészi kezelését követően

Absztrakt Bevezetés: A vastagbéldaganatokra jellemző genetikai instabilitás megnyilvánulhat több úton: kromoszomális instabilitás, mikroszatellita-instabilitás, illetve „CpG-island methylator phenotype”. Ezek pontosabb karakterizálásával a rendelkezésre álló kezelések elviekben optimalizálhatók lehetnek. Célkitűzés: A szerzők a mikroszatellita-instabilitás előfordulását, heterogenitását, prognosztikus és prediktív potenciálját vizsgálták 122 primer colontumor szisztematikusan szelektált régióiban és 69 párosított májmetasztázisban. Módszer: Szöveti multiblokkok kialakítása után az MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 és PMS2 kifejeződését vizsgálták immunhisztokémiai módszerrel. Eredmények: A betegek 11,5%-a (14/122) rendelkezett mikroszatellita-instabil fenotípusú daganattal. A különböző tumorrégiók fehérjekifejeződésében nem volt jelentős különbség. A primer tumor–májmetasztázis párok esetében 20,2%-ban a kettő más mismatch repair státusba volt sorolható. A relapsusmentes és teljes túlélést tekintve a mismatch repair státus nem volt prognosztikus. Az 5-fluorouracil-, oxaliplatin-, irinotecan-, bevacizumab-, cetuximab-, panitumumabterápia hatékonyságát tekintve mismatch repair státus nem volt prediktív a progressziómentes és teljes túlélés adatai alapján. Következtetések: A prognosztikus faktorok pontosabb meghatározása nagyobb esetszámú, pontosan szelektált vizsgálat keretében hatékonyabbá teheti a kezelés megválasztását. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(36), 1460–1471

Statistical mechanics of spatial evolutionary games

We discuss the long-run behavior of stochastic dynamics of many interacting players in spatial evolutionary games. In particular, we investigate the effect of the number of players and the noise level on the stochastic stability of Nash equilibria. We discuss similarities and differences between systems of interacting players maximizing their individual payoffs and particles minimizing their interaction energy. We use concepts and techniques of statistical mechanics to study game-theoretic models. In order to obtain results in the case of the so-called potential games, we analyze the thermodynamic limit of the appropriate models of interacting particles.Comment: 19 pages, to appear in J. Phys.

Heterogén vastagbéldaganat: a fogazott útvonalon kialakuló, sporadikus laesiók jelentősége a klinikai gyakorlatban = Colorectal cancer heterogeneity: the clinical impact of sporadic lesions arising via the serrated pathway

Today, colorectal cancer is regarded as a heterogeneous disease. Its heterogeneity is caused by genetic alterations, molecular aberrations, different developing pathways as well as by micro- and macroenviromental agents. In the last decade, beside the classic genetic model for colorectal tumuorgenesis that follows the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, an alternative pathway has been identified. This pathway is called the serrated pathway and it is responsible for approximately one third of all colorectal lesions. Beyond their dissimilar molecular characteristics, these tumours also show different macroscopic and histologic appearance. Moreover, their malignant potency and progressive ability distinguish them from tumours of the classic genetic model. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and pathologic features of serrated lesions and the serrated pathway to colorectal cancer and to highlight their clinical impact

Optical Sensor for Diverse Organic Vapors at ppm Concentration Ranges

A broadly responsive optical organic vapor sensor is described that responds to low concentrations of organic vapors without significant interference from water vapor. Responses to several classes of organic vapors are highlighted, and trends within classes are presented. The relationship between molecular properties (vapor pressure, boiling point, polarizability, and refractive index) and sensor response are discussed

Application of spatio-temporal data in site-specific maize yield prediction with machine learning methods

In order to meet the requirements of sustainability and to determine yield drivers and limiting factors, it is now more likely that traditional yield modelling will be carried out using artificial intelligence (AI). The aim of this study was to predict maize yields using AI that uses spatio-temporal training data. The paper has advanced a new method of maize yield prediction, which is based on spatio-temporal data mining. To find the best solution, various models were used: counter-propagation artificial neural networks (CP-ANNs), XY-fused Querynetworks (XY-Fs), supervised Kohonen networks (SKNs), neural networks with Rectangular Linear Activations (ReLU), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support-vector machine (SVM), and different subsets of the independent variables in five vegetation periods. Input variables for modelling included: soil parameters (pH, P2O5, K2O, Zn, clay content, ECa, draught force, Cone index), micro-relief averages, and meteorological parameters for the 63 treatment units in a 15.3 ha research field. The best performing method (XGBoost) reached 92.1% and 95.3% accuracy on the training and the test sets. Additionally, a novel method was introduced to treat individual units in a lattice system. The lattice-based smoothing performed an additional increase in Area under the curve (AUC) to 97.5% over the individual predictions of the XGBoost model. The models were developed using 48 different subsets of variables to determine which variables consistently contributed to prediction accuracy. By comparing the resulting models, it was shown that the best regression model was Extreme Gradient Boosting Trees, with 92.1% accuracy (on the training set). In addition, the method calculates the influence of the spatial distribution of site-specific soil fertility on maize grain yields. This paper provides a new method of spatio-temporal data analyses, taking the most important influencing factors on maize yields into account