Status and Development of Agricultural Public-Private Partnership Program Implementation in China

As the initiator of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Chinese Government’s goal in agriculture is to promote the sustainable development of agriculture throughout China and the world. One of the feasible ways to realize this goal is to adopt the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. This study aims to analyze the current status of agricultural PPP projects in China and their impacts. This study utilized the Ministry of Finance database to collect 2014 to 2022 data on agricultural PPP projects in China. The collected data were organized and analyzed to analyze the current situation and return mechanism of Chinese agricultural PPP projects. The results show that China’s agricultural PPP projects are less attractive than other sectors, government and social-private sector cooperation is less sustainable, and laws and regulations and risk assessment are not well developed. Therefore, this study proposes to promote the development of agricultural PPP projects by standardizing the law, improving the return mechanism, and strengthening the risk assessment. Thus, it further promotes the sustainable development of agriculture and plays a certain positive role

SME Firm Performance-Financial Innovation and Challenges

Without incertitude, SMEs have become the significant clout of sustained, instantaneous and bracing growth of Nigeria economy. Moreover, SMEs has performed an unparalleled role in advancing the Nigeria economic growth, and serve as a breeding ground for entrepreneurs and a provider of solutions to address the problems of unemployment in all consuming labours and promoting marketing growth. An opportunity for the healthy advancement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria was in relation to the transformation and expansion policy due to the brisk evolution of the global economy. But with the global economic integration, the small and medium-sized enterprises operating environment is facing tremendous changes and more intense competition. Hence, the reason for this paper is to present the sources of SME firm financing, conceptualize its financing challenges, source causes, with objectives to exploit the innovative ways to improve financing provision via crowdsourcing of financing and necessity to provide a regulatory environment that will support it for the growth and advancement of SMEs prospectively. Likewise, it is an essential strategy that would assist entrepreneurs to remain much motivated towards promoting his line of work. Moreover, it will reassure an individual to become a successful entrepreneur. This study will add to the existing literature in the academic area of entrepreneurship and at the same time offers a springboard that will provide an impulsion for empirical inquiry in this field. Besides, it offers important information and methods that would help entrepreneurs on how crowdfunding can serve as a source of financing provision and the positive impact on Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) firm performance

Government Policy and Performance of Small and Medium Business Management

It is recorded that 99 per cent of the business bodies in Nigeria are MSMEs which has been an instrumental component in GDP and hub for work opportunities. Even so the identification of the important roles SMEs play in Nigeria, their evolution is mostly bounded by a number of elements, such as the existence of laws, ordinances, and rules that frustrate the growth of the sector. The study reviews the relationship between government policies and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance in Nigeria. The study offered some relevant recommendations to policy makers, entrepreneurs, and SME managers to ensure the appropriate scheme to improve the SME sector in Nigeria

Corporate governance and firm performance in Pakistan: The case of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE)-30

This paper examine the relationship between four important corporate governance mechanisms (board size, board composition, CEO/chairman duality and audit committee) and two firm performance measures (return on equity, ROE, and profit margin, PM), for a sample of 30 Pakistani listed firms between 2008 and 2009. The results provide evidence of a positive significant relationship between ROE and PM and three corporate governance mechanisms (board size, board composition and audit committee). The implication of this is that, the board size should be limited to a sizeable limit and board must be a right mixture of executive and non-executive directors. The study, however, could not provide a significant relationship between the two performance measures (ROE and PM) and CEO/Chairman duality. These results are consistent with prior empirical studies

Corporate Crime Announcement Effects On Stock Performance: An Empirical Study In Malaysia

An in-depth investigation of the effects of announcement of corporate crime on firm performance focusing on stock market performance among public enterprises in Malaysia has been conducted. A sample of 7 large, established public companies charged for committing corporate crime by Securities Commission from the period of 1999 to 2005 in Malaysia were identified and examined. Using the event-study methodology proposed by Rao (1997), monthly average abnormal returns (AARs) and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) for the sample of 8 announcements of separate crimes ranging from 12 months prior to and 6 months after the announcement dates are determined. Empirical result indicates that the stock market is informationally inefficient in Malaysia and investors do react to announcement of corporate crime

DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PEPPER INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

The National Commodity Policy 2011-2020 was developed to increase the national income by harnessing the potential of commodity export revenues. Despite continuous efforts implemented by various related agencies, the overall performance of major commodities, particularlypepper, remains unsatisfactory.Regarded as a sought-after ‘king of spices’, pepper has become one of the most prized and important commodities traded globally.This paper highlights the development and performance of the pepper industry in Malaysia and discusses practical strategies and recommendations to transform the pepper industry. Besides conducting interviews with the industry experts to gain first-hand information, content and thematic analysis was employed based on secondary data researchin this study. The findings of the study show that even though pepper is mostly used in food-related industries, its potential in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical sectors remains underexplored. Globally, the overall supply and demand of pepper continue to increase, though the demand has recently exceeded supply. However, continuous new planting and farm expansion initiatives by major producers caused the total global pepper supply to exceed consumption in 2018. In fact, pepper prices have declined more than 70% since 2015, which affected the overall household income of the rural community engaged in pepper farming. While experiencing low prices, smallholder pepper farmers and the industry continue to struggle with low domestic consumption, low production, higher cost of farm inputs, lack of extension services, low impact of research, development and innovation, ageing farming population, intense competition from other producing countries, low prices for quality pepper, limited subsidy to support continuous farming, pepper-related diseases, lack of new technology, and poor investment in downstream activities. Given this, the performance of the Malaysian pepper industry has fallen below expectations

White-collar crime: a statistical study on its common causes

White-collar crime has always managed to find its way to corrode the values and ethics that people have in a society. A statistical study was carried out to identify some of the common causes of white-collar crime in Malaysia. To pursue this, survey questionnaires were distributed to both potential and existing investors to assess their view regarding the matter. The study found that, one of the leading causes of white-collar crime in Malaysia is due to the fact that there is a belief that competitors are paying bribes to win contracts, and hence others follow suit. On the other hand, most perpetrators commit white-collar crime because there are many opportune moments for them to do so. Companies should, therefore, gear toward good governance structure and internal controls so as not to give potential and existing perpetrators opportunity to engage in any misdeed

The Impact of Demographic Factors on Tax Compliance Attitude and Behavior in Malaysia

This research explored the existence of differences in the impact of demographic factors on tax compliance attitude and behavior in Johor Bahru, Johor. The sample for the preliminary study is small which 92 respondents only and thus the optimum of the results is limited. The result of this investigation shows the ignorance of taw law among taxpayers in Johor Bahru, Johor may be a significant concern to the Government. Majority of the respondents agree that cash received for work dine is taxable but view bartering goods with a friend and not reporting it, though illegal, on their tax return as acceptable. The outcome of this study reveals that both male and female respondents were found to be having similar complaint attitudes. The three independent variables, which is ethnic group, academic qualification and attitude towards compliance were the only variables that shown a statistically significant (p< 0.05). The overall compliance attitude where measured by EVSCALE and the remaining 14 individual measurement items, however, does not signify differences among ethnic group