The Forgotten -ism

“I’d rather not. I don’t like to talk to old people. They make me uncomfortable. They kind of smell weird and make me think about death. Some of them are even racist, so I’d just rather not.” As part of my internship this summer, in which I helped to coordinate the Friday evening dinners at the Gettysburg Senior Center, putting out advertisements to “hang out with old people” wasn’t exactly an easy task. [excerpt

Rad51 Nucleoprotein Filament Disassembly Captured Using Fluorescent \u3cem\u3ePlasmodium falciparum\u3c/em\u3e SSB as a Reporter for Single-Stranded DNA

Single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) proteins coordinate DNA replication, repair, and recombination and are critical for maintaining genomic integrity. SSB binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) rapidly and with very high affinity making it a useful molecular tool to detect free ssDNA in solution. We have labeled SSB from Plasmodium falciparum (Pf-SSB) with the MDCC (7-diethylamino-3-((((2-maleimidyl)ethyl)amino)-carbonyl)coumarin) fluorophore which yields a four-fold increase in fluorescence upon binding to ssDNA. Pf-SSBMDCC binding to DNA is unaffected by NaCl or Mg2+ concentration and does not display salt-dependent changes in DNA binding modes or cooperative binding on long DNA substrates. These features are unique to Pf-SSB, making it an ideal tool to probe the presence of free ssDNA in any biochemical reaction. Using this Pf-SSBMDCC probe as a sensor for free ssDNA, we have investigated the clearing of preformed yeast Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments by the Srs2 helicase during HR. Our studies provide a rate for the disassembly of the Rad51 filament by full length Srs2 on long ssDNA substrates. Mutations in the conserved 2B domain in the homologous bacterial UvrD, Rep and PcrA helicases show an enhancement of DNA unwinding activity, but similar mutations in Srs2 do not affect its DNA unwinding or Rad51 clearing properties. These studies showcase the utility of the Pf-SSB probe in mechanistic investigation of enzymes that function in DNA metabolism

The Ambient Horn: Designing a novel audio-based learning experience

The Ambient Horn is a novel handheld device designed to support children learning about habitat distributions and interdependencies in an outdoor woodland environment. The horn was designed to emit non-speech audio sounds representing ecological processes. Both symbolic and arbitrary mappings were used to represent the processes. The sounds are triggered in response to the children’s location in certain parts of the woodland. A main objective was to provoke children into interpreting and reflecting upon the significance of the sounds in the context in which they occur. Our study of the horn being used showed the sounds to be provocative, generating much discussion about what they signified in relation to what the children saw in the woodland. In addition, the children appropriated the horn in creative ways, trying to ‘scoop’ up new sounds as they walked in different parts of the woodland

The Americans With Disabilities Act: Equal Opportunity for Individuals With Disabilities, in Some Large Businesses, in Some Major Cities, Sometimes . . .

On July 26, 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law by President George H.W. Bush. Congress stated that the purpose of the ADA was “to provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities.” The first subchapter (Title I) of the ADA addresses accommodations for the disabled in the field of employment. President Bush attempted to quash “fears that the ADA is too vague or too costly” by stating that the Act struck a careful balance between the rights of individuals with disabilities and the legitimate interests of businesses. In particular, he noted that Title I of the ADA would become effective for employers with twenty-five or more employees on July 26, 1992, with an extension to employers with fifteen or more employees on July 26, 1994, thus permitting employers adequate time to become acquainted with the ADA. But in fact, the exclusion of employers with fewer than fifteen employees requires only a small percentage of the nation’s employers to ever become acquainted with the ADA at all

Structural Influences on the Photochemistry and Photophysical Properties of p-Phenylene Ethynylenes: Aggregation Effects and Solvent Interactions

Compounds based on the p-phenylene ethynylene backbone with pendant charged groups, known as conjugated polyelectrolytes, have been of particular interest in recent years due to their solubility in water, sensing properties, and biocidal activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. A series of oligomers based on these polymers were synthesized (OPEs), and several interesting questions about their photophysical and biocidal properties were raised by earlier experimental observations, which are addressed by this dissertation. The study initially focuses on the influence of the backbone length and presence of carboxyester substituents on the photophysical properties of the OPEs. Next, the photochemistry of the OPEs is explored as the products and mechanisms are elucidated through isotopic studies with mass spectrometry, revealing that photo-protonation by water and addition of oxygen across the triple bond are the two dominant initial mechanisms of all major pathways in aqueous solution. Finally, the aggregation of OPEs with is studied in two systems: surfactants and model bacterial membranes. The placement of the ionic alkyl substituents played a dominant role in determining the outcome of molecular interactions and type of aggregates which resulted between OPEs and both systems. Biophysical simulations of the interactions between OPEs and these two systems provided mechanistic insight into the mechanism of bacterial membrane disruption and the attenuation of photodegradation observed with OPE-surfactant complexes. In addition to determining the OPEs could be protected from photolysis and the structural basis for aggregate type, surfactant complexation was used to form a biocidal complex from a non-biocidal anionic OPE. The work presented will be of great use for future developments in sensors, biocides, photo-resistant materials, and drug delivery applications

Teaching Music Theory In the Traditional Wind Band Rehearsal: A Rationale, Survey of Materials, and Recommendations

Band programs in today’s schools are facing pressures unheard of in the early days of the public school band movement. While budget limitations have always been a part of the public school dilemma, never before have directors been forced to fight so hard for the very existence of their programs. School administrators facing district, state, and federal testing pressures are spending more and more of the annual budget in an attempt to raise test scores. This means programs in the arts and even athletics are being greatly reduced (and in some cases eliminated) in school systems across the country. To ensure band’s continued inclusion in the school course offering, directors must help administrators, parents, colleagues, and even students understand that band is a valid and worthwhile academic pursuit. One means of achieving this goal is through the inclusion of a written music theory component as part of the daily band class. Not only does this instruction elevate the academic status of the band program in the eyes of the school and community it also offers great musical benefit to the students in the band. Teaching music theory in band is not a new idea. Its proponents have existed since the early days of public school bands. However, with increased emphasis on marching bands, competitions, and awards, many directors have lost sight of their curricular responsibilities in haste to prepare for the next performance. A lack of suitable teaching material has also kept theory instruction out of the band class. Most extant texts are written for piano students or are college preparatory in nature and do not work well in the large ensemble setting. This document seeks to encourage theory instruction in the band class: (1) by providing teachers with commentary from leading wind conductors and music educator’s who advocate its inclusion in the band curriculum; (2) by offering teachers a catalog of theory texts that can be used as models for custom materials; and (3) by outlining a comprehensive music theory curriculum (including sample lessons, exercises, and quizzes) written specifically for use in the daily band class. It is hoped that this type of instruction will improve the knowledge, understanding, and performance of public school bands and will help to secure a long and happy future for them as an academically defendable part of the school course offering

Sedation and Anesthesia Options for Pediatric Patients in the Radiation Oncology Suite

External beam radiation therapy (XRT) has become one of the cornerstones in the management of pediatric oncology cases. While the procedure itself is painless, the anxiety it causes may necessitate the provision of sedation or anesthesia for the patient. This review paper will briefly review the XRT procedure itself so that the anesthesia provider has an understanding of what is occurring during the simulation and treatment phases. We will then examine several currently used regimens for the provision of pediatric sedation in the XRT suite as well as a discussion of when and how general anesthesia should be performed if deemed necessary. Standards of care with respect to patient monitoring will be addressed. We will conclude with a survey of the developing field of radiation-based therapy administered outside of the XRT suite

Novel tretinoin 0.05% lotion for the once-daily treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in a preadolescent population.

BackgroundAcne vulgaris (acne) is a common skin condition in children and adolescents. Efficacy of tretinoin is well documented in studies that included pediatric patients (12-18 years of age). With acne routinely presenting in younger patients, data are needed in this important group. Lotion formulations are commonly used across dermatology and are well liked by patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel once-daily tretinoin 0.05% lotion in preadolescent subjects (≤ 13 years) with moderate-to-severe acne.MethodsPost hoc analysis of two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 studies in moderate-to-severe acne. Preadolescent subjects (N = 154) randomized (1:1) to receive tretinoin 0.05% lotion or vehicle, once daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included changes in baseline inflammatory/noninflammatory lesions and treatment success (at least 2-grade reduction in Evaluator's Global Severity Score [EGSS] and clear/almost clear). Safety, adverse events (AEs), and cutaneous tolerability evaluated throughout.ResultsAt Week 12, mean percent reduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts were 49.5% and 44.0% compared with 31.4% and 18.8% with vehicle (both P = 0.001). Treatment success was achieved by 23.7% of subjects by Week 12, compared with 7.2% (P = 0.009). The majority of AEs were mild and transient: most frequently were application site pain (5.6%) and application site dryness (2.8%). Local cutaneous safety and tolerability assessments were generally mild-to-moderate and improved by Week 12.ConclusionsTretinoin 0.05% lotion was significantly more effective than vehicle in achieving treatment success and reducing inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in preadolescent acne. It was well tolerated, with all treatment-related AEs deemed mild or moderate

Despite a degree of accommodation to change, white British citizens remain largely opposed to increased ethnic diversity

Immigration is one of the key political issues that will decide votes at the forthcoming General Elections, with the average British citizen hostile both the level of immigration that has already taken place, and the prospect of more. In a new Demos report, Eric Kaufmann and Gareth Harris map the ‘white’ response to immigration: ‘voice’, ‘exit’ and ‘accommodation’