Dynamic measurements of the wind power impact on power system inertia and stability

The integration of wind power generation (WPG) have many different impacts on the current power transmission and distribution systems. Most of them are related to their effect on the dynamic behaviour and frequency deviation during system frequency disturbances affecting the system inertia response. Different approaches have been presented to show the dynamic behaviour diminution, and several metrics have been proposed to quantify the impact of the inertia reduction. This scientific paper looks at the background system inertia problem, presenting some of the most significant contributions in observation of power system dynamic under high penetrations of WPG and presents two dynamic measurements. First one measures the damping ratio of the power lines quantifying it in an online fashion. The second one measures the frequency of an electrical power signal. The dynamic measurements are tested in a hypothetical active power signal with the inclusion of wind energy showing the affectivity of the dynamic measurements presented and the impact of wind farms in power systems. Finally, future work and conclusions are given

Evaluation of the synthetic inertia control using active damping method

The current and massive deployment of non-synchronous generation is degrading the inertial response in power systems. The addition of an extra control loop, the so-called synthetic inertia, can contribute in the improvement of the frequency response, through an additional power injection. In this paper, the active damping method is used to enhance both, the closed-loop current control and the synthetic inertia control loop. A full aggregated model of a wind turbine generator (WTG) is integrated in a test system. The results obtained show an increase in the power injected into the grid, thereby improving the frequency response after a frequency disturbance. Moreover, the response of the closed current-control loop and voltage loop are presented, in order to show their interaction with the synthetic inertia control

Evaluation of the synthetic inertia control using active damping method

The current and massive deployment of non-synchronous generation is degrading the inertial response in power systems. The addition of an extra control loop, the so-called synthetic inertia, can contribute in the improvement of the frequency response, through an additional power injection. In this paper, the active damping method is used to enhance both, the closed-loop current control and the synthetic inertia control loop. A full aggregated model of a wind turbine generator (WTG) is integrated in a test system. The results obtained show an increase in the power injected into the grid, thereby improving the frequency response after a frequency disturbance. Moreover, the response of the closed current-control loop and voltage loop are presented, in order to show their interaction with the synthetic inertia control

Synthetic inertia control based on fuzzy adaptive differential evolution

The transformation of the traditional transmission power systems due to the current rise of non-synchronous generation on it presents new engineering challenges. One of the challenges is the degradation of the inertial response due to the large penetration of high power converters used for the interconnection of renewables energy sources. The addition of a supplementary synthetic inertia control loop can contribute to the improvement of the inertial response. This paper proposes the application of a novel Fuzzy Adaptive Differential Evolution (FADE) algorithm for the tuning of a fuzzy controller for the improvement of the synthetic inertia control in power systems. The method is validated with two test power systems: (i) an aggregated power system and its purpose is to understand the controller-system behavior, and (ii) a two-area test power system where one of the synchronous machine has been replaced by a full aggregated model of a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), whereby different limits in the tuning process can be analyzed. Results demonstrate the evolution of the membership functions and the inertial response enhancement in the respective test cases. Moreover, the appropriate tuning of the controller shows that it is possible to substantially reduce the instantaneous frequency deviation

Distributed synthetic inertia control in power systems

© 2017 IEEE Due to the increasing use of renewables into the grid connected through power converters, the rotational inertia in power systems has been reducing. Consequently the frequency response requires the activation of the so-called synthetic inertia control. The synthetic inertia control aims to inject an extra power component when the system experiences a frequency disturbance event. In this paper, it is proposed that a distributed dynamic controllers for sharing the synthetic inertia control actions between the various active power converters in the grid for the improvement of the frequency response. It is assumed that a communication structure between the synthetic inertia controllers and the local power converters is involved in the system. The convergence of the control system is reached through a game population theory and the primary frequency control has been improved. The results are validated based on simulation of a two-area test system

Impact of non-synchronous generation on transmission oscillations paths

The large scale penetration of non-synchronous generation has been causing several impacts on the power systems dynamics. The low-frequency oscillations affect the power exchanged along the transmission lines/corridors. This paper uses the Multi-Prony Analysis mode estimation technique to monitor and suggest the dominant oscillation modes which can be useful for wide-area control purposes. Moreover, the oscillation modes are also monitored under gradual cases of non-synchronous generation integration in the system. The methodology is applied to two different test transmission systems: i) the two area system and, ii) the Nordic 32 system. The results illustrate the similarity and differences in the scenarios proposed

Data-driven fuzzy C-means equivalent turbine-governor for power system frequency response

This research paper proposes a turbine-governor modelling technique based on equivalent FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) for a control area of an equivalent power system used for frequency response analysis. The FCM algorithm implementation is proposed to find an equivalent Fuzzy model of n turbine-governors that are in an area of the electric power system (EPS). The FCM algorithm is mainly used to generate the rules for the fuzzy model; this algorithm uses input-output data, deviation of frequency, velocity and its derivatives, these are numerical data of a control area of the electrical system that contains n turbine-governors. Two cases are used to test the equivalent FCM model: (i) model of three areas simulink model, where area two has been modified by adding four turbine-governors to verify that it is possible to define an equivalent FIS model based on data, and (ii) the multi-area system, that is extracted from a reduced system frequency response model of an electric area of Great Britain Power System (GBPS), which contains three different types of turbine-governors, the data for this model was obtained from DIgSILENT-PowerFactory. The equivalent fuzzy model is tested under the same conditions as the original system with n turbine-governors, and they are compared against each other. The simulation results and performance analysis show it is possible to find an equivalent model with excellent performance with FCM and that the parameters of the FIS model can be adjusted if necessary, with ANFIS