Pyrolidines from Primary Amines

Pyrrolidine has been prepared from n-butylamine by heating N-chloro-N-acyl derivatives of the amine with concentrated sulfuric acid. N -chloro-N-butylacetamide underwent ring closure with the formation of pyrrolidine in SO per cent yields when heated with 95 per cent sulfuric acid for one hour at 130-140°. With 99.5 per cent acid the percentage yield was much lower. N-chloro-N-n-butyl-p-toluenesulfonamide when heated with 95 per cent sulfuric acid for thirty minutes at 140° formed pyrrolidine in 50 per cent yields. In both cases considerable amounts of n-butylamine were also formed

Pentoxifylline increases cochlear blood flow while decreasing blood pressure in guinea pigs

The effects of pentoxifylline on cochlear blood flow (CoBF) were investigated in anesthetized guinea pigs by laser Doppler flowmetry and intravital microscopy red blood cell velocity measurement. Intra-arterial infusion of pentoxifylline (3, 4, and 5 mg/kg/min) produced dose-dependent reductions in blood pressure, accompanied by significant elevations in CoBF that were not dose-dependent. These results are in general agreement with previous findings from our laboratory utilizing normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats, however, in contrast with rats, guinea pigs revealed an initial decrease in CoBF followed by an increase. Also, pentoxifylline produced relatively smaller elevations in CoBF in guinea pigs as compared with those previously reported in rats. Taken together these results support the hypothesis that pentoxifylline increases vascular perfusion by decreasing blood viscosity and increasing the plasticity of red blood cells.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28442/1/0000229.pd