L'usine conceptrice de son patrimoine de création: modèle, organisation et méthodes pour la régénération d'un système de règles industriel

Since the 20th century, there is a separation between the design task in the design office and the manufacturing task in the factory. This dichotomy has led to a process of optimization in the factory, from fordism manufacturing to lean management, through toyotism. The new coming of the industry 4.0 questions this paradigm, highlighting in particular the role of the design in the factory. The design would not be only linked to the design office ; it would also constitute an attribute of the manufacturing process. Thus, this doctoral thesis aims at defining and modeling the design in factory and the interface between the factory and the design office. Furthermore it questions the methods of management for the factory to become self-designed.Depuis le début du 20ème siècle, on observe une séparation nette entre la conception, tâche attribuée au bureau d'études, et la production, réalisée quant à elle en usine. Selon cette dichotomie, pendant un siècle, l'usine a évolué et les procédés se sont optimisés, du fordisme au lean management, en passant par le toyotisme. L'avènement de l'industrie 4.0 amène à reconsidérer ce paradigme, soulevant en particulier la place de la conception en usine. la conception ne serait en effet pas l'apanage du bureau d'études, mais constituerait une propriété de l'activité de production. Cela rediscute le cantonnement de la conception au bureau d'études et, par suite, l'interface entre l'usine et bureau d'études. Cette thèse vise à définir et modéliser la conception en usine, et son interface avec le bureau d'études. En outre elle interroge les méthodes pour rendre l'usine conceptrice

Un modèle de patrimoine de création pour l'industrie: concevoir de nouvelles règles dans un système de règle tout en le préservant

International audienceIn industry, there is at once a strong need for innovation and a need to preserve the existing system of production. Thus, although the literature insists on the necessity of the current change toward Industry 4.0, how to implement it remains problematic because the preservation of the factory is at stake. Moreover, the question of the evolution of the system depends on its innovative capability, but it is difficult to understand how a new rule can be designed and implemented in a factory. This tension between preservation and innovation is often explained in the literature as a process of creative destruction. Looking at the problem from another perspective, this article models the factory as a site of creative heritage, enabling creation within tradition, i.e., creating new rules while preserving the system of rules. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the model. The paper shows that design in the factory relies on the ability to validate solutions. To do so, the design process can explore and give new meaning to the existing rules. The role of innovation management is to choose the degree of revision of the rules and to make it possible

WHAT DOES THE FACTORY’S SUGGESTION BOX REVEAL? An analysis of the design capabilities of a train maintenance centre from its idea management system

International audienceSuggestion boxes have been used in factories to improve processes through a continuous improvement approach. From this perspective, the ideas with direct and quick implementation and visible results are favoured. This paper investigates the nature of design activities hidden behind the ideas suggested. The authors sort 132 ideas from a suggestion box of a French train maintenance center and highlight differences in the processing of the ideas through the suggestion box. The paper shows that a part of the ideas should have been rejected, as they present a gap in the design to be directly implemented. However, they are kept and collectively re-worked to be well adapted to the factory. This enriches literature on creativity and crowd sourcing for and by manufacturing. In particular, it gives a design perspective to innovation and continuous improvement in factory by revealing different design types in the box to fit the production system

Innovative design in factory: new methods to go from closed to expandable prescriptions at the shop floor

International audienceThis paper explores the question of the design activity at the shop floor level. The design activity has been confined for a large part in the design and the methods office. However, a certain form of design adapted to the factory remains. It is necessary to solve the problems that appear during the manufacturing process and to improve the productivity. However another form of design can emerge; it has a stronger impact on the factory, since the rules of the manufacturing system are modified under its effect. The paper studies 21 cases of design in the Airbus factory at Saint-Nazaire. It shows that the design activity does exist at the shop floor level. It characterizes this activity distinguishing two types of design that can co-exist in a factory. It shows that the type of results reached is not the same according to the type of design implemented

THE MANAGEMENT NEEDS FOR AN INNOVATIVE DESIGN APPROACH AT THE SHOP FLOOR LEVEL: THE CASE OF THE AIRBUS' SAINT- NAZAIRE FACTORY

International audienceThe paper studies the management needs for innovative design in a factory. An experiment launched in the Airbus's factory at Saint-Nazaire shows that an innovative type of design can exist in a factory. It offers long-term solutions for manufacturing and redefines the performance at the shop floor level. The following article questions the management needs for this design. The paper is based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 30 cases of design approaches, innovative or more conservative one. The article shows that the composition of the team, the role of the leader and the available means to drive the approach are critical in the management, and differ from the management generally applied in an industrial context (continuous improvement or industry 4.0). It gives keys to the practitioner to consider the management practices adapted to an innovation approach at the shop floor level

Innovative design on the shop floor of the Saint-Nazaire Airbus factory

International audienceIn this study, we examine innovative design practices on the Saint-Nazaire Airbus factory shop floor. The engineering and manufacturing engineering departments are in charge of the design of products and their industrialization, even though the factory is usually seen as a place for manufacturing, rather than design. However, there is also design activity in a factory that is devoted to the optimization of manufacturing processes. In this study, we highlight an alternative form of design that relies on a collective exploratory approach. A total of 30 projects from the Saint-Nazaire Airbus factory were selected and analyzed. Of these, two were selected as case studies to illustrate the factory's different design methods. Subsequently, quantitative analysis provided evidence of the existence of two design regimes: closed prescription and expandable prescription. The resulting solutions were examined, and it was found that designs under the expandable prescription regime provided more robust long-term solutions. This study offers new perspectives for reexamining innovation in manufacturing and exploring design activity on factory shop floors

Étude 'Innovation et recherche dans la mode et le luxe'- Institut Carnot-CARATS avec le soutien du DÉFI

Restitution des ateliers de conception innovante organisés entre professionnels de la filière industrielle mode & luxe et scientifiques sur les enjeux contemporains du secteu

Étude 'Innovation et recherche dans la mode et le luxe'- Institut Carnot-CARATS avec le soutien du DÉFI

Restitution des ateliers de conception innovante organisés entre professionnels de la filière industrielle mode & luxe et scientifiques sur les enjeux contemporains du secteu

The Contribution of Design Theory to Crisis Management: a “Creative and Activating War Room” in the Face of COVID-19

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