Mammalian rod terminal: Architecture of a binary synapse

AbstractThe mammalian rod synapse transmits a binary signal (one photon or none) using tonic, rapid exocytosis. We constructed a quantitative, physical model of the synapse. Presynaptically, a single, linear active zone provides docking sites for ∼130 vesicles, and a “ribbon” anchored to the active zone provides a depot for ∼640 vesicles. Postsynaptically, 4 processes invaginate the terminal: 2 (known to have low affinity glutamate receptors) lie near the active zone (16 nm), and 2 (known to have high affinity glutamate receptors) lie at a distance (130–640 nm). The presynaptic structure seems designed to minimize fluctuations in tonic rate owing to empty docking sites, whereas the postsynaptic geometry may permit 1 vesicle to evoke an all-or-none response at all 4 postsynaptic processes

Liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules : excipient/capsule compatibility studies

Encapsulation of pharmaceutical formulations as liquids or semisolids, within hard gelatin capsules, presents an important oral dosage strategy for poorly water-soluble drugs, resulting in good bioavailability and reproducible drug absorption. In addition, this technology offers an inherently safer process than powder filled capsules and tablets for highly potent or cytotoxic drugs by avoiding dust generation. Here we present a compatibility study of hard gelatin capsules with common excipients in absence of active pharmaceutical

Examination of the 1968-69 Urban Indian Hearings Held by the National Council on Indian Opportunity.

Training Center for Community Programs

Indian Americans in Duluth: A Summary and Analysis of Recent Research.

Training Center for Community Programs

Education-Related Preferences and Characteristics of College-Aspiring Urban Indian Teenagers: A Preliminary Report.

Training Center for Community Programs

Social Programs and Political Styles of Minneapolis Indians: An Interim Report.

Training Center for Community Programs

Attitude of Minneapolis Agency Personnel Toward Urban Indians.

Training Center for Community Programs

Indian Americans in Chicago.

Training Center for Community Programs