Lawyers and Their Books: The Augusta County Law Library Association, 1853-1883

During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, law books of various types contained the vital information needed by Virginia’s practicing attorneys and judges. Access to these resources, however, was generally limited to personal collections and a handful of libraries. Despite numerous calls for the creation of libraries by theVirginiagovernment, state legislators took little action of note. This study explores the history and origins of law libraries in Virginia by focusing on the formation and evolution of the Augusta County Law Library Association, one of the first libraries organized in Virginia under state legislation enacted in 1853 that authorized the creation of law libraries by local bar associations. The commitment to action and understanding of their profession exhibited by the Augusta bar association represents a singular example of professional awareness and unity during this period. The successes of this and other emerging libraries of the era also lead to the development of library forms and practices that persist to the present day. In examining the activities of the library association between 1853 and 1883, this study interprets and explains how this unique library and its unified organizers constitute a noteworthy development in both the history of libraries and the practice of law

POLITICS AND PERSONAL LIFE IN THE ERA OF REVOLUTION: THE TREATMENT AND REINTIGRATION OF ELITE LOYALISTS IN POST-REVOLUTIONARY VIRGINIA

Historians of loyalism in Virginia during the American Revolution typically characterize supporters of the Crown as a small and unorganized group that had little bearing on the outcome of the war. However, these historians greatly underestimate the extent and nature of Virginia loyalists. Patriots throughout the state feared and loathed outright demonstrations of loyalty to the Crown, sought to identify and remove Tories in their communities, and worked to prevent the reentry of these Loyalists into postwar Virginia. Those loyalists who attempted to return to Virginia realized that continual attention was required to shape and present an image that would eliminate questions about their loyalty and protect interests and property.This study examines how a select group of returning loyalists sought to reestablish their citizenship and membership in the postwar Virginia community. To illustrate how young elites successfully negotiated their return into a hostile environment, the specific cases of Presly Thornton, John and Ralph Wormeley, and Philip Turpin are examined in great detail. As sons of well-to-do members of the community, they embraced Virginia\u27s tradition of deference to elites and utilized social, political, and economic connections to achieve readmission. From studying the lives of these young men in the context of the vigorous anti-loyalist sentiment in Virginia, one can better understand the distinctly Virginian attitudes toward both loyalists and members of a select social class

Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in man. I. Free and total area/dose relationships

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110022/1/cptclpt1983136.pd

Wagnerian Wounds: Trauma and Wagner’s post-1849 Works

In May 1849, Dresden was plunged into a brutal conflict between pro-democracy rebels and the authoritarian government. The destruction wrought by urban warfare was a tremendous shock; the Dresdner Journal wrote that it was ‘difficult to give a picture of the destruction’. Active among the revolutionary party was the composer Richard Wagner, who fled pursued by an arrest warrant when government forces retook the city. He was a witness to some of the bloodiest fighting of the conflict. Wagner’s experience of the revolution had a profound effect on him, and it led him to the conception of an ‘artwork of the future’. Central to this new genre was a system of repeating musical melodies or motifs that could conjure reminiscences and forebodings on the part of the listener. This thesis argues that Wagner’s experience of the uprising was traumatic. Moreover, it argues that the system of musical motifs that Wagner theorized in the aftermath of the uprising can be understood in the light of modern theories of trauma as they are constituted in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Chapter 1 investigates the historical evidence for Wagner’s encounter with trauma. Chapter 2 establishes the parallels between Wagner’s theoretical conception of motifs and psychological theories of PTSD. Chapter 4 applies this approach to an analysis of a paradigmatic example of a flashback in Götterdämmerung. Chapter 3 investigates the ways in which Wagner revisited his earlier works in order to fit with this new theoretical conception. Chapter 5 presents an analysis of the Norns’s scene in Götterdämmerung demonstrating how the motific processes at work in the scene reproduce the symptoms of PTSD. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes this Thesis by showing how even in a motific analysis that avoids interpreting Wagner’s motifs in terms of poetic meaning—in other words, in a ‘purely musical’ analysis of motifs—traumatic structures are reproduced

Penicillamine kinetics in normal subjects

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109758/1/cptclpt1981180.pd

KCNQ1 rescues TMC1 plasma membrane expression but not mechanosensitive channel activity.

Transmembrane channel-like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) is essential for the generation of mechano-electrical transducer currents in hair cells of the inner ear. TMC1 disruption causes hair cell degeneration and deafness in mice and humans. Although thought to be expressed at the cell surface in vivo, TMC1 remains in the endoplasmic reticulum when heterologously expressed in standard cell lines, precluding determination of its roles in mechanosensing and pore formation. Here, we report that the KCNQ1 Kv channel forms complexes with TMC1 and rescues its surface expression when coexpressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. TMC1 rescue is specific for KCNQ1 within the KCNQ family, is prevented by a KCNQ1 trafficking-deficient mutation, and is influenced by KCNE β subunits and inhibition of KCNQ1 endocytosis. TMC1 lowers KCNQ1 and KCNQ1-KCNE1 K+ currents, and despite the surface expression, it does not detectably respond to mechanical stimulation or high salt. We conclude that TMC1 is not intrinsically mechano- or osmosensitive but has the capacity for cell surface expression, and requires partner protein(s) for surface expression and mechanosensitivity. We suggest that KCNQ1, expression of which is not thought to overlap with TMC1 in hair cells, is a proxy partner bearing structural elements or a sequence motif reminiscent of a true in vivo TMC1 hair cell partner. Discovery of the first reported strategy to rescue TMC1 surface expression should aid future studies of the TMC1 function and native partners