Peranan kesepian sebagai moderator antara distres psikologis dengan kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa selama pandemi COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic threatens students' psychological well-being. Distress and loneliness are prevalent psychological problems related to mobility restriction and "stay-at-home" instruction. University students are vulnerable to dealing with mental health problems and experience a decrease in psychological well-being during the pandemic. This study was to examine whether loneliness plays a moderating role in relationships between distress and psychological well-being. This research was conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated how loneliness and distress affect students' well-being since then. A total of 747 students (female = 566, Mage = 20,2 years) participated through the purposive technique. We used three instruments: the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (α=0,926), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (α=0,722), and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (α=0,932). Our moderation analysis showed that psychological distress significantly decreased psychological well-being (F = 306, p < 0,01). The role of loneliness as a moderator in the relationship between distress and psychological well-being also showed a significant moderation model (F = 161, p < 0,01). Loneliness contributes to a decrease in students' psychological well-being who experience psychological distress. Keywords: Psychological well-being, loneliness, psychological distress, university students Abstrak Pandemi COVID-19 mengancam kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Distres psikologis dan kesepian merupakan masalah psikologis yang berkaitan dengan pembatasan mobilitas dan instruksi stay at home. Selama masa pandemi, mahasiswa rentan terhadap masalah psikologis dan mengalami penurunan kesejahteraan psikologis. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menguji apakah kesepian berperan sebagai moderasi dalam hubungan antara distres dan kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada konteks pandemi COVID-19 dan berupaya melihat bagaimana pengaruh kesepian dan distres pada kesejahteraan psikologis mahasiswa. Sebanyak 747 mahasiswa (perempuan = 566, Musia = 20.2 tahun) berpartisipasi secara purposive sampling. Tiga instrumen digunakan: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (α=0,926), UCLA Loneliness Scale (α=0,722), dan Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (α=0,932).  Analisis moderasi menunjukkan bahwa distres psikologis memiliki peran signifikan dalam menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis (F = 306, p < 0,01). Peran kesepian sebagai moderator dalam hubungan antara distres terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis juga menunjukkan model yang signifikan (F = 161, p < 0,01). Kesepian berkontribusi pada penurunan kesejahteraan psikologis pada mahasiswa yang mengalami distres psikologis. Kata kunci: Kesejahteraan psikologis, kesepian, distres psikologis, mahasiswa &nbsp

Financial Toxicity Experiences of Patients With Cancer in Indonesia

Objectives: Financial toxicity (FT) is an important adverse effect of cancer. Recent systematic reviews have shown that FT may lead to treatment nonadherence and impaired health-related quality of life, both of which may adversely influence the survival rates of patients. However, less is known about how patients endure FT, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to explore how patients with cancer experience and cope with FT in Indonesia. Methods: Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the experiences of Indonesian patients with cancer. Qualitative data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis approach. We purposefully recruited 8 patients undergoing active treatment (aged 27-69 years) who had been diagnosed of cancer over 5 years before and possessed health insurance at the time of diagnosis. Results: We identified 2 main themes: (1) the experienced financial burden, with subthemes underinsurance, out-of-pocket nonhealthcare cancer-related costs, and negative income effect from employment disruption, and (2) the financial coping strategies, with subthemes reallocating household budget, seeking family support, rationalizing treatment decisions, and topping up insurance for family members. Conclusions: This is the first interpretive phenomenological study on FT in the literature and the first qualitative FT study in Indonesia. Our findings provide insight into the occurrence of FT and coping strategies used by Indonesian patients with cancer. The subjective experiences of patients may be considered to further improve oncology care, support the need for measurement of FT, and provide mitigation programs for patients