Eupatorium Capilifolium (Lam.) Small Ex Porter & Britton (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), REKAMAN BARU untuk FLORA JAWA

Sebanyak 227 jenis tumbuhan Asteraceae terdapat di Pulau Jawa berdasarkan Flora of Java. Namun, suku Asteraceae di Pulau Jawa belum banyak ditinjau kembali sejak buku tersebut terbit 51 tahun yang lalu, sehingga memungkinkan adanya jenis-jenis tambahan yang belum terekam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi adanya jenis tambahan yang terdapat di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode jelajah di Labuan (Banten), Bogor (Jawa Barat), Malang, dan Situbondo (Jawa Timur). Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small ex Porter & Britton merupakan rekaman baru yang dapat melengkapi flora Jawa. Jenis tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam puak Eupatorieae

Catatan Tentang Solanum Diphyllum L. (Solanaceae) Ternaturalisasi di Pulau Jawa

Solanum merupakan salah satu marga terbesar pada kelompok tumbuhan Angiospermae. Marga tersebut terdiri dari 1400 jenis yang terdistribusi di kawasan tropis dan subtropis. Banyak anggotanya yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, sehingga telah dibudidayakan secara luas sebagai tanaman pangan, sayuran, tumbuhan obat, dan tanaman hias. Oleh sebab itu, beberapa di antaranya telah diintroduksi ke Pulau Jawa sejak lama. Sebanyak 24 jenis Solanum telah tercatat dalam buku Flora of Java vol. 2. Meskipun demikian, masih memungkinkan adanya jenis-jenis lain yang belum terekam dalam buku tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai jenis tambahan yang telah ternaturalisasi di Pulau Jawa. Pengamatan dilakukan di beberapa lokasi di Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur pada tahun 2015 hingga 2017. Solanum diphyllum telah dikoleksi dari Bogor (Darmaga), Bandung (Taman Sari dan Pasir Impun), Sumedang (Jatinangor), Wonogiri (Desa Johunut), Semarang (Desa Mesu), Trenggalek (Desa Watulimo), Situbondo (Desa Wringin Anom dan Banyuputih), Bondowoso (Desa Bandilan), dan Sumenep (Desa Pakong). Jenis ini memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai tumbuhan obat. Tumbuhan ini ditemukan tumbuh meliar di semua lokasi pengamatan dan keberadaannya perlu diperhatikan karena jenis tersebut merupakan tumbuhan asing invasif di kawasan lain

Stress-related anhedonia is associated with ventral striatum reactivity to reward and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptomatology

BACKGROUND: Early life stress (ELS) is consistently associated with increased risk for subsequent psychopathology. Individual differences in neural response to reward may confer vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology. Using data from the ongoing Duke Neurogenetics Study, the present study examined whether reward-related ventral striatum (VS) reactivity moderates the relationship between retrospectively reported ELS and anhedonic symptomatology. We further assessed whether individual differences in reward-related VS reactivity were associated with other depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use via stress-related anhedonic symptoms and substance use-associated coping. METHOD: Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was collected while participants (n = 906) completed a card-guessing task, which robustly elicits VS reactivity. ELS, anhedonic symptoms, other depressive symptoms, coping behavior, and alcohol use behavior were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Linear regressions were run to examine whether VS reactivity moderated the relationship between ELS and anhedonic symptoms. Structural equation models examined whether this moderation was indirectly associated with other depression symptoms and problematic alcohol use through its association with anhedonia. RESULTS: Analyses of data from 820 participants passing quality control procedures revealed that the VS × ELS interaction was associated with anhedonic symptoms (p = 0.011). Moreover, structural equation models indirectly linked this interaction to non-anhedonic depression symptoms and problematic alcohol use through anhedonic symptoms and substance-related coping. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that reduced VS reactivity to reward is associated with increased risk for anhedonia in individuals exposed to ELS. Such stress-related anhedonia is further associated with other depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use through substance-related coping

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Terhadap Mortalitas Keong Emas (Pomacea SP.) Di Rumah Kaca

Keong emas (Pomacea sp.) merupakan salah satu hama pada tanaman padi. Teknik pengendalian yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan adalah dengan memanfaatkan pestisida nabati. Salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai molluskisida nabati adalah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak biji jarak pagar muda dan tua dalam membunuh keong emas dan mengetahui perbedaan toksisitas kedua ekstrak tersebut terhadap keong emas. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung pada bulan Mei 6 Oktober 2015. Penelitian disusun dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), dengan 9 perlakuan 4 ulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan uji lanjut dengan perbandingan ortogonal kontras. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji jarak pagar muda dan tua menyebabkan mortalitas keong emas. Selanjutnya diketahui bahwa ekstrak biji jarak pagar tua toksisitasnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak biji jarak pagar muda dalam membunuh keong emas. Aplikasi ekstrak biji jarak pagar tua dengan konsentrasi 15 g/l air dan 20 g/l air menyebabkan mortalitas keong emas 100% pada hari ke 3 setelah aplikasi, sedangkan ekstrak biji jarak pagar muda dengan konsentasi tersebut baru dapat mematikan 100% keong emas uji pada hari ke 7 setelah aplikasi

Pengaruh Frekuensi Aplikasi Isolat Jamur Entomopatogen Beauveria Bassiana Terhadap Kutudaun (Aphis Glycines Matsumura) Dan Organisme Non-target Pada Pertanaman Kedelai

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi aplikasi jamur Beauveria bassiana terhadap populasi dan mortalitas hama kutudaun (Aphis glycines Matsumura), dan populasi musuh alami dan organisme non-target lainnya pada pertanaman kedelai. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Penelitian ini terdiri atas enam perlakuan yaitu tanpa aplikasi (kontrol), 1 kali, 2 kali, 3 kali, 4 kali, dan 5 kali aplikasi B. bassiana. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi isolat jamur B. bassiana mampu menginfeksi dan menyebabkan kematian hama kutudaun Aphis glycines di pertanaman kedelai pada 3 hari setelah aplikasi di setiap minggu pengamatan, aplikasi B. bassiana dengan berbagai frekuensi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah famili non-target dan total organisme non-target lebih rendah dibandingkan tanpa aplikasi. Jenis organisme nontarget yang diamati sebanyak 13 famili arthropoda, namunterdapat 3 famili dominan yang berupa musuh alami yaitu famili Lycosidae, Formicidae, dan Gryllidae. Selain itu, frekuensi aplikasi B. bassiana tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah bunga dan jumlah polong) serta hasil tanaman kedelai (berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan tanpa polong, jumlah polong isi, jumlah polong tidak isi, berat brangkasan kering, brangkasan kering tanpa polong, berat polong kering, dan berat biji kering tanaman kedelai)

Cumulative stress in childhood is associated with blunted reward-related brain activity in adulthood

Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with negative outcomes in adulthood, including reduced motivation and increased negative mood. The mechanisms mediating these relations, however, are poorly understood. We examined the relation between exposure to ELS and reward-related brain activity, which is known to predict motivation and mood, at age 26, in a sample followed since kindergarten with annual assessments. Using functional neuroimaging, we assayed individual differences in the activity of the ventral striatum (VS) during the processing of monetary rewards associated with a simple card-guessing task, in a sample of 72 male participants. We examined associations between a cumulative measure of ELS exposure and VS activity in adulthood. We found that greater levels of cumulative stress during childhood and adolescence predicted lower reward-related VS activity in adulthood. Extending this general developmental pattern, we found that exposure to stress early in development (between kindergarten and grade 3) was significantly associated with variability in adult VS activity. Our results provide an important demonstration that cumulative life stress, especially during this childhood period, is associated with blunted reward-related VS activity in adulthood. These differences suggest neurobiological pathways through which a history of ELS may contribute to reduced motivation and increased negative mood

Individual differences in regulatory focus predict neural response to reward

Although goal pursuit is related to both functioning of the brain's reward circuits and psychological factors, the literatures surrounding these concepts have often been separate. Here, we use the psychological construct of regulatory focus to investigate individual differences in neural response to reward. Regulatory focus theory proposes two motivational orientations for personal goal pursuit: (1) promotion, associated with sensitivity to potential gain, and (2) prevention, associated with sensitivity to potential loss. The monetary incentive delay task was used to manipulate reward circuit function, along with instructional framing corresponding to promotion and prevention in a within-subject design. We observed that the more promotion oriented an individual was, the lower their ventral striatum response to gain cues. Follow-up analyses revealed that greater promotion orientation was associated with decreased ventral striatum response even to no-value cues, suggesting that promotion orientation may be associated with relatively hypoactive reward system function. The findings are also likely to represent an interaction between the cognitive and motivational characteristics of the promotion system with the task demands. Prevention orientation did not correlate with ventral striatum response to gain cues, supporting the discriminant validity of regulatory focus theory. The results highlight a dynamic association between individual differences in self-regulation and reward system function

Meningococcal vaccination: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, United States, 2020

© 2020. This report compiles and summarizes all recommendations from CDC\u27s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of meningococcal vaccines in the United States. As a comprehensive summary and update of previously published recommendations, it replaces all previously published reports and policy notes. This report also contains new recommendations for administration of booster doses of serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine for persons at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease. These guidelines will be updated as needed on the basis of availability of new data or licensure of new meningococcal vaccines. ACIP recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for adolescents aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster dose at age 16 years. ACIP also recommends routine vaccination with MenACWY for persons aged ≥2 months at increased risk for meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, W, or Y, including persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies; persons receiving a complement inhibitor (e.g., eculizumab [Soliris] or ravulizumab [Ultomiris]); persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia; persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection; microbiologists routinely exposed to isolates of Neisseria meningitidis; persons identified to be at increased risk because of a meningococcal disease outbreak caused by serogroups A, C, W, or Y; persons who travel to or live in areas in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic; unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated first-year college students living in residence halls; and military recruits. ACIP recommends MenACWY booster doses for previously vaccinated persons who become or remain at increased risk. In addition, ACIP recommends routine use of MenB vaccine series among persons aged ≥10 years who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease, including persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies; persons receiving a complement inhibitor persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia; microbiologists who are routinely exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis; and persons identified to be at increased risk because of a meningococcal disease outbreak caused by serogroup B. ACIP recommends MenB booster doses for previously vaccinated persons who become or remain at increased risk. In addition, ACIP recommends a MenB series for adolescents and young adults aged 16-23 years on the basis of shared clinical decision-making to provide short-term protection against disease caused by most strains of serogroup B N. meningitidis