Deteksi Dan Perhitungan Spermatozoa Manusia Menggunakan Single Gaussian Background Subtraction

Penelitian tentang penentuan tingkat infertilitas sperma terus dikembangkan. Tahap awal yang penting pada penelitian infertilitas sperma adalah pendeteksian objek sperma. Tingkat keberhasilan dalam memisahkan objek sperma dari cairan semen memiliki peran penting untuk proses analisa selanjutnya. Penelitian ini melalukan deteksi dan perhitungan spermatozoa manusia. Sperma yang terdeteksi adalah sperma yang bergerak pada data video. Untuk melakukan deteksi pada sperma yang bergerak, metode single gaussian background subtraction digunakan. Metode ini sesuai dalam kasus deteksi sperma karena data sperma yang digunakan cenderung uni-modal. Penelitian ini juga membandingkan metode background subtraction lainnya dalam melakukan deteksi sperma. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, metode single gaussian memiliki nilai f-measure sebesar 0.853 dan berhasil dalam mengekstraksi bentuk sperma mendekati bentuk aslinya dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya =============================================================================================Research about determining infertility rate of sperm is still being under constant development. First important phase on the sperm infertility observation is to detection of sperm object. Success rate of separate sperm with semen fluids has important role for further analytical measure. This research is on its ways to detect and count human's spermatozoa. Detected sperms are moving sperm that is moving on the video. To detect moving sperm, Single Gaussian background subtraction is used. This method fits for sperm detection because the sperm data used are tends to be in unimodal. This research also uses other methods of background subtraction as comparison. The examination result shows, Single Gaussian method has fmeasure value, 0.853 and successfully extracts the sperm shape fully better than other method

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients at National Emergency Hospital Wisma Atlet Kemayoran, Jakarta,Indonesia

The emergency hospital is intended to prevent transmission of COVID-19 in the community by isolating patients without symptoms, with mild or moderate symptoms. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to this facility. This retrospective study reviewed data of patients treated at the National Emergency Hospital Wisma Atlet Kemayoran in Jakarta, Indonesia, from March 23 to April 30, 2020. Patient characteristics (clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, Chest X-Ray, SARS-CoV-2 immunoserology, and RT-PCR results from nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal preparations) were compared between severity groups. There were 413 COVID-19 cases analyzed, of which 190 (46%) were asymptomatic, 93 (22.5%) were mild, and 130 (31.5%) were moderate cases. Most asymptomatic cases were male, with young age, and without comorbidity. Mild cases were dominated by female and young patients, while most moderate cases were male and older patients. The number of patients with comorbidities was higher in mild and moderate cases. The patient’s overall outcome was good and did not differ based on the severity of symptoms. Despite the many challenges, patients with moderate symptoms can be safely treated in the emergency hospital

Analisis pengaruh peran auditor internal terhadap pekerjaan lapangan auditor eksternal

Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukkan bahwa variabel peran auditor internal berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pekrjaan lapangan auditor eksternal dengan arah yang positif

Strategies for an effective tobacco harm reduction policy in Indonesia

Tobacco consumption is a major causative agent for various deadly diseases such as coronary artery disease and cancer. It is the largest avoidable health risk in the world, causing more problems than alcohol, drug use, high blood pressure, excess body weight or high cholesterol. As countries like Indonesia prepare to develop national policy guidelines for tobacco harm reduction, the scientific community can help by providing continuous ideas and a forum for sharing and distributing information, drafting guidelines, reviewing best practices, raising funds, and establishing partnerships. We propose several strategies for reducing tobacco consumption, including advertisement interference, cigarette pricing policy, adolescent smoking prevention policy, support for smoking cessation therapy, special informed consent for smokers, smoking prohibition in public spaces, career incentives, economic incentives, and advertisement incentives. We hope that these strategies would assist people to avoid starting smoking or in smoking cessation

CD44 silencing decreases the expression of stem cell-related factors induced by transforming growth factor β1 and tumor necrosis factor α in lung cancer: Preliminary findings

The mechanism underlying increased concentrations of cancer stem cell (CSC)-associated factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of CD44 in the regulation of CSC-associated genes, by analyzing the effect of CD44 knockdown on their expression. A549, a NSCLC cell line that expresses CD44 antigen, was treated with TGFβ1 and TNFα. Small-interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) that specifically targets the CD44 gene was used to knockdown the expression of CD44 in A549. The gene expressions of CD44, CXCR4, POU5F1 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4]), PROM1, NANOG, c-Myc, KLF4, and SOX2, as well as of CDH1 (E-cadherin), CDH2 (N-cadherin), VIM (vimentin), and FN1 (fibronectin) were analyzed in A549 cells by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell morphology was observed using light microscopy. After TGFβ1/TNFα treatment, increased expressions of CXCR4 and POU5F1 were detected. Silencing of CD44 gene expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The knockdown of CD44 decreased the CXCR4 and POU5F1 gene expressions in TGFβ1/TNFα-treated A549 cells. However, the silencing of CD44 did not affect the morphology of TGFβ1/TNFα-treated A549 cells nor it reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature induced by TGFβ1/TNFα in A549 cells. Our preliminary findings suggest that the CD44 gene may have a role in regulating CXCR4 and POU5F1 gene expressions, independently of the EMT signaling pathway

Regional heterogeneity in response of airway epithelial cells to cigarette smoke

Abstract Background Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure causes an abnormal inflammatory response, which can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies show that this disorder predominantly occurs in peripheral or small-airway areas, whereas the same condition has not been identified in the larger airways during the course of COPD. However, the different biochemical and genetic alterations occurring in response to CS exposure among airway epithelial cells from different sites in the lungs have not been fully investigated. Methods Human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) were exposed to CS extract (CSE), and microarray analysis was used to determine gene- and protein-expression profiles and identify alterations following CSE exposure in both cell types. An in vivo smoking experiment was also performed to confirm differential responses to CS between sites in the lung. Results Microarray analysis of SAECs and NHBEs following 24 h of CSE exposure showed that inflammatory related pathways and terms, including the tumor necrosis factor-signaling pathway, were overrepresented, especially in SAECs. Clustering analysis highlighted prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 [also known as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2] as a gene specifically upregulated in SAECs, with COX-2 mRNA and protein expression significantly elevated by CSE exposure in SAECs (3.1- and 3.1-fold, respectively), but not in NHBEs. Furthermore, time-course analysis of COX-2 expression revealed earlier increases in SAECs compared with NHBEs following CS exposure. Short-term exposure of mouse lungs to CS was found to predominantly induce COX-2 expression in the small airway. Conclusions The small airway is more susceptible to CSE than the large airway and could be the initial site of development of CS-related respiratory diseases, such as COPD