A 3-dimensional finite element method for groundwater flow and containment transport

A code was written to model groundwater flow and to solve for contaminant transport in variably saturated porous media using the Finite element method. The numerical code was written in FORTRAN 77. The GWGRID program was used for mesh generation. This numerical model was applied to two nuclear waste sites; Two test cases were run. The first one was the Savannah River Site, located in Aiken, South Carolina (SRS). The SRS has been storing radioactive waste material for several decades. Numerous studies as well as field data for the properties of the surrounding soil and contaminant presence have been conducted. Results of a two dimensional case were compared with the three dimensional case for a period of fifteen years; The second test case was the Yucca Mountain Repository Site (YMP), which is being evaluated as a future site for storing radioactive nuclear-waste. Results from the 3-D simulation were compared to results from a two-dimensional model. This simulation was run for a period of ten thousand years; The purpose for running the 3-D simulation was to get more realistic results than the 2-D calculations. The simulations were mainly run on the Convex and the Cray computer. The results seem to be fairly accurate as compared to the work done at the sites

26-G needle-assisted sutureless glueless intrascleral haptic fixation for secondary ciliary sulcus implantation of three-piece polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens during penetrating keratoplasty

AbstractAfter tenotomy adjoining 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock limbus, 3-mm-wide partial-thickness scleral tunnels are created at these two diametrically opposite points 3 mm from the limbus such that they reach up to a distance of 1.5 mm from the limbus. Two ab externo sclerotomies are created using 26-G needles on the bed of these partial-thickness scleral tunnels. Precaution is taken to ensure that the positions of the sclerotomies are diagonally opposite each other. A scleral niche is made using a 26-G needle to accommodate the intraocular lens (IOL) haptic later. A 7.5-mm trephine is used to excise the corneal button, and anterior vitrectomy is performed. The haptic of a three-piece polymethylmethacrylate IOL is docked in a bent 26-G needle. It is then pulled out under the partial-thickness scleral tunnel and placed securely in the scleral niche opposite to the haptic. An 8-mm donor corneal button is sutured in place using 16 equidistantly placed 10-0 nylon interrupted sutures

Posterior migration of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube in a patient with Reiger anomaly: a case report

BACKGROUND: To describe, a yet non-documented complication of GDI surgery (glaucoma drainage incision surgery) - anterior to posterior segment migration of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) tube. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a young 9 year old boy, diagnosed with refractory glaucoma with Reiger anomaly. History included of poor vision in both eyes, left more than right with glare since childhood. He underwent GDI surgery with AGV implantation following which he developed posterior migration of AGV tube. The detailed ocular history, ophthalmic findings, clinical course, surgical management and development of the posterior tube migration is discussed. CONCLUSION: Posterior Migration of AGV tube has yet not been described. Also there is a role of expectant management of the complication in this case as evidenced by the benign course of events

Hyeropic shift after LASIK induced Diffuse lamellar keratitis

BACKGROUND: Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is a relatively new syndrome that is increasingly being reported after LASIK. We have observed that a hyperopic shift may be associated with the occurrence of this diffuse lamellar keratitis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26 year old man developed bilateral diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) following myopic LASIK. The residual refractive error was +0.5D OD and +0.25D OS at the end of the first week. The sterile infiltrates resolved over a period of 4–6 weeks on topical steroid therapy. A progressive hyperopic shift was noted in the right eye with an error +4.25Dsph/+0.25Dcyl 20 at the final follow up 6 months post surgery. CONCLUSION: Diffuse lamellar keratitis after LASIK may be associated with a significant hyperopic shift

Management of glaucoma in pregnancy: risks or choices, a dilemma?

The treatment of glaucoma in and around pregnancy offers the unique challenge of balancing the risk of vision loss to the mother as against the potential harm to the fetus or newborn. Most anti-glaucoma drugs (i.e. beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors topical and systemic, cholinergics, anticholinesterases, and apraclonidine) are considered category C agents and ophthalmologists are usually limited to treating patients with the category B drugs of brimonidine and dipivefrin. Brimonidine is generally the preferred first-line drug in the first, second and early third trimester. Late in the third trimester, brimonidine should be discontinued because it can induce central nervous system depression in newborns wherein topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may be the optimal choice. Glaucoma surgery can be performed with caution in second and third trimester if the patients have a strong indication for the procedure. However, anesthetics, sedative agents, and antimetabolites still have potential risk for the fetus. Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) or selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is an alternative treatment that can be performed in all trimesters. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and β-blockers are certified by the American Academy of Pediatrics for use during nursing. However, low doses of these medications should be considered when used in the breast feeding period. Optimum treatment for glaucoma in pregnancy must not be withheld so as to prevent any further deterioration in progressive vision loss and quality of life

Bilateral dissociated vertical deviation in a case of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy

Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is an intermittent anomaly of the non-fixing eye. Although association of DVD with sensory visual deprivation owing to congenital or acquired opacities of the ocular media has been reported, its association with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) has not been reported hitherto. We report a case having a bilateral asymmetric DVD, in a know case of bilateral CHED

Posterior migration of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube in a patient with Reiger anomaly: a case report

Abstract Background To describe, a yet non-documented complication of GDI surgery (glaucoma drainage incision surgery) - anterior to posterior segment migration of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) tube. Case Presentation We report a young 9 year old boy, diagnosed with refractory glaucoma with Reiger anomaly. History included of poor vision in both eyes, left more than right with glare since childhood. He underwent GDI surgery with AGV implantation following which he developed posterior migration of AGV tube. The detailed ocular history, ophthalmic findings, clinical course, surgical management and development of the posterior tube migration is discussed. Conclusion Posterior Migration of AGV tube has yet not been described. Also there is a role of expectant management of the complication in this case as evidenced by the benign course of events.</p

Journal of Food Science and Technology

Not AvailablePeanut protein concentrates (PPCs) were subjected to hydrolysis by crude protease extract (CPE) obtained from three fungi viz; Rhizopus oligosporus, Trichoderma reesei, and Aspergillus oryzae and the effect on structural, functional and in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) properties were studied. Particle size was found significantly (p0.05) lower in hydrolyzed samples than un-treated samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of hydrolyzed samples displayed intense absorbance peaks in the wavelength ranging from 1500 to 2600 cm1. Peanut protein concentrates hydrolyzed by CPE from R. oligosporus showed higher surface hydrophobicity (564.18). Total sulfhydryl content was found lower in all the hydrolyzed samples whereas, reverse trend was observed for exposed sulfhydryl content. The structural changes simultaneously affected the functional and IVPD attributes of hydrolyzed PPCs. In comparison to the PPCs hydrolysed using crude extracts from T. reesei and R. oligosporus, PPCs hydrolysed by A, oryzae showed higher solubility, water and oil binding capacity, foaming capacity and foam stability. Higher IVPD values of 86.70% was also found in PPCs hydrolyzed with CPE of A. oryzae. The study established that CPE hydrolysis of PPCs has potential for scale-up studies and may serve as a cost effective alternative to protein hydrolysis with pure enzymes