Sensitivity analysis of project level MOVES running emission rates for light and heavy duty vehicles

In order to understand how the uncertainties in the output can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainties in its inputs, it is critical to investigate the sensitivity of MOVES model. The MOVES model sensitivity for regional level has been well studied. However, the uncertainty analysis for project level running emissions has not been well understood. In this research, the MOVES model project level sensitivity tests on running emissions were conducted thru the analysis of vehicle specific power (VSP), scaled tractive power (STP), and MOVES emission rates versus speed curves. This study tested the speed, acceleration, and grade-three most critical variables for vehicle specific power for light duty vehicles and scaled tractive power for heavy duty vehicles. For the testing of STP, four regulatory classes of heavy duty vehicles including light heavy duty (LHD), medium heavy duty (MHD), heavy heavy duty (HHD) and bus were selected. MOVES project running emission rates were also tested for CO, PM2. 5, NOx and VOC versus the operating speeds. A Latin Hypercube (LH) sampling based on method for estimation of the “Sobal” sensitivity indices shows that the speed is the most critical variable among the three inputs for both VSP and STP. Acceleration and grades show lower response to the main effects and sensitivity indices. MOVES emission rates versus speeds curves for light duty vehicles show that highest emission occurs at lower speed range. No significant differences on emission rates among the regulatory classes of heavy duty vehicles are identified

Off-Road Construction and Agricultural Equipment Electrification: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities

Though the current wave of electric vehicles is transforming the on-road passenger and commercial vehicle fleets, similar attempts in the off-road equipment sector appear to be lacking. Because of the diverse equipment categories and varied applications, electrifying off-road equipment requires significant research and development. A successful electrification of such equipment can offer an array of benefits, including reduced air and noise pollution, higher energy efficiency, and increased productivity. This paper provides a review of the current state of technology in off-road equipment electrification, with a focus on the equipment used in construction and agricultural applications. The paper also discusses advantages of, and challenges associated with, electrifying off-road construction and agricultural equipment. In addition, potential solutions for overcoming these challenges as well as opportunities to facilitate the electrification of off-road construction and agricultural equipment are identified

Off-Road Construction and Agricultural Equipment Electrification: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities

Though the current wave of electric vehicles is transforming the on-road passenger and commercial vehicle fleets, similar attempts in the off-road equipment sector appear to be lacking. Because of the diverse equipment categories and varied applications, electrifying off-road equipment requires significant research and development. A successful electrification of such equipment can offer an array of benefits, including reduced air and noise pollution, higher energy efficiency, and increased productivity. This paper provides a review of the current state of technology in off-road equipment electrification, with a focus on the equipment used in construction and agricultural applications. The paper also discusses advantages of, and challenges associated with, electrifying off-road construction and agricultural equipment. In addition, potential solutions for overcoming these challenges as well as opportunities to facilitate the electrification of off-road construction and agricultural equipment are identified