Genetic variation across the three primary regions of diversity: Fertile Crescent, Central Asia, and the Ethiopian highlands using DArT markers.

<p>No. of polymorphic alleles (N), No. of Different Alleles (Na), No. of Effective Alleles (Ne, = 1/(Sum pi∧2)), Shannon’s Information Index (I = −1* Sum (pi * Ln (pi))), Expected Heterozygosity (He = 1−Sum pi∧2) and Unbiased Expected Heterozygosity (UHe = (2N/(2N−1)) * He).</p

Assessment of genetic diversity across groups of wild and cultivated chickpea using DArT markers.

<p>No. of polymorphic alleles (N), No. of Different Alleles (Na), No. of Effective Alleles (Ne, = 1/(Sum pi∧2)), Shannon’s Information Index (I = −1 * Sum (pi * Ln (pi))), Expected Heterozygosity (He = 1−Sum pi∧2) and Unbiased Expected Heterozygosity (UHe = (2N/(2N−1)) * He).</p

Principal coordinates analysis of wild and cultivated species of chickpea based on their geographical distribution (Eth_Culti: Cultivated chickpea from Ethiopia; CA_Yam: <i>Cicer yamashatae</i> from Central Asia; CA_culti: Cultivated chickpea from Central Asia; FC_Bij:, <i>C. bijugum</i>; from Fertile Crescent; FC_Jud: <i>C. judaicum</i> from Fertile Crescent; FC_Pin: <i>C. pinnatifidum</i> from Fertile Crescent; FC_Ret: <i>C. reticulatum</i> from Fertile Crescent and FC_Culti: Cultivated chickpea from Fertile Crescent).

<p>Principal coordinates analysis of wild and cultivated species of chickpea based on their geographical distribution (Eth_Culti: Cultivated chickpea from Ethiopia; CA_Yam: <i>Cicer yamashatae</i> from Central Asia; CA_culti: Cultivated chickpea from Central Asia; FC_Bij:, <i>C. bijugum</i>; from Fertile Crescent; FC_Jud: <i>C. judaicum</i> from Fertile Crescent; FC_Pin: <i>C. pinnatifidum</i> from Fertile Crescent; FC_Ret: <i>C. reticulatum</i> from Fertile Crescent and FC_Culti: Cultivated chickpea from Fertile Crescent).</p

Geographic locations of cultivated and wild <i>Cicer</i> species collection sites (C: Cultivated; W: Wild) i. Fertile Crescent; ii. Ethiopia; iii. Central Asia.

<p>Geographic locations of cultivated and wild <i>Cicer</i> species collection sites (C: Cultivated; W: Wild) i. Fertile Crescent; ii. Ethiopia; iii. Central Asia.</p

Assessment of genetic diversity across wild germplasm using DArT markers.

<p>No. of polymorphic alleles (N), No. of Different Alleles (Na), No. of Effective Alleles (Ne, = 1/(Sum pi∧2)), Shannon's Information Index (I = −1* Sum (pi * Ln (pi))), Expected Heterozygosity (He = 1−Sum pi∧2) and Unbiased Expected Heterozygosity (UHe = (2N/(2N−1)) * He).</p

Assessment of genetic diversity across chickpea germplasm based on seed type.

<p>No. of polymorphic alleles (N), No. of Different Alleles (Na), No. of Effective Alleles (Ne, = 1/(Sum pi∧2)), Shannon’s Information Index (I = −1* Sum (pi * Ln (pi))), Expected Heterozygosity (He = 1−Sum pi∧2) and Unbiased Expected Heterozygosity (UHe = (2N/(2N−1)) * He).</p

UPGMA tree of pairwise relatedness of cultivated (grey branches) and wild (black branches) chickpea.

<p>Genepools and seed types are represented by the following colors: primary, green; secondary, blue; tertiary, red; pea-shaped, orange; kabuli, grey; and desi, black.</p

Polymorphism information content (PIC) value of markers used in study.

<p>a. PIC value of SNP markers used for diversity analysis. b. PIC value of DArT markers used for diversity analysis.</p

Population structure analysis using STRUCTURE of <i>Cicer</i> accessions.

<p>a. Structure showing distinct group of wild and cultivated species; wild further classified in primary (Pri), secondary (Sec) and tertiary (Ter) gene pool species. b. Principal coordinates analysis among wild and cultivated species. c. Analysis of molecular variance between and among wild and cultivated species genotypes.</p

Population analysis of <i>Cajanus</i> accessions present in Indian regions and provinces

<p><i>a)</i> Principal coordinates analysis of domesticated pigeonpea and wild relatives in 11 defined zones <i>b)</i> Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) in 11 defined zones <i>c)</i> Structure results across gene pools at the province scale</p