A New Relation between post and pre-optimal measurement states

When an optimal measurement is made on a qubit and what we call an Unbiased Mixture of the resulting ensembles is taken, then the post measurement density matrix is shown to be related to the pre-measurement density matrix through a simple and linear relation. It is shown that such a relation holds only when the measurements are made in Mutually Unbiased Bases- MUB. For Spin-1/2 it is also shown explicitly that non-orthogonal measurements fail to give such a linear relation no matter how the ensembles are mixed. The result has been proved to be true for arbitrary quantum mechanical systems of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. The result is true irrespective of whether the initial state is pure or mixed.Comment: 4 pages in REVTE

Investigation of grain orientations of melt-textured HTSC with addition of uranium oxide, Y2O3 and Y2BaCuO5

Local grain orientations were studied in melt-textured YBCO samples processed with various amounts of depleted uranuim oxide (DU) and Y 2O3 by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The addition of DU leads to the formation of Ucontaining nanoparticles (Y2Ba4CuUOx) with sizes of around 200 nm, embedded in the superconducting Y-123 matrix. The orientation of the Y 2BaCuO5 (Y-211) particles, which are also present in the YBCO bulk microstructure, is generally random as is the case in other melttextured Y-123 samples. The presence of Y-211 particles, however, also affects the orientation of the Y-123 matrix in these samples

EBSD characterisation of Y2Ba4CuUOx phase in melttextured YBCO with addition of depleted uranium oxide

Melt-textured YBCO samples processed with added Y2O3 and depleted uranium oxide (DU) contain nano-particles, which have been identified previously as Y2Ba4CuUOx (U-411). This phase has a cubic unit cell, which is clearly distinct from the orthorhombic Y-123 and Y-211 phases within the YBCO system. In samples with a high amount of DU addition (0.8 wt-% DU), U-2411 particles have sizes between 200 nm and several νm, so identification of the Kikuchi patterns of this phase becomes possible. Together with a parallel EDX analysis, the particles embedded in the Y-123 matrix can be identified unambiguously. In this way, a three-phase EBSD scan becomes possible, allowing also the identification of nanometre-sized particles in the sample microstructure

Enhanced self-field critical current density of nano-composite YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ EPLA, 2008.Enhanced self-field critical current density Jc of novel, high-temperature superconducting thin films is reported. Layers are deposited on (001) MgO substrates by laser ablation of YBa2Cu3O7−δ(Y-123) ceramics containing Y2Ba4CuMOx (M-2411, M=Ag, Nb, Ru, Zr) nano-particles. The Jc of films depends on the secondary-phase content of the ceramic targets, which was varied between 0 and 15 mol%. Composite layers (2 mol% of Ag-2411 and Nb-2411) exhibit Jc values at 77 K of up to 5.1 MA/cm2, which is 3 to 4 times higher than those observed in films deposited from phase pure Y-123 ceramics. Nb-2411 grows epitaxially in the composite layers and the estimated crystallite size is ~10 nm.The Austrian Science Fund, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour, the European Science Foundation and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan

Numerical Diagonalisation Study of the Trimer Deposition-Evaporation Model in One Dimension

We study the model of deposition-evaporation of trimers on a line recently introduced by Barma, Grynberg and Stinchcombe. The stochastic matrix of the model can be written in the form of the Hamiltonian of a quantum spin-1/2 chain with three-spin couplings given by H= \sum\displaylimits_i [(1 - \sigma_i^-\sigma_{i+1}^-\sigma_{i+2}^-) \sigma_i^+\sigma_{i+1}^+\sigma_{i+2}^+ + h.c]. We study by exact numerical diagonalization of $H$ the variation of the gap in the eigenvalue spectrum with the system size for rings of size up to 30. For the sector corresponding to the initial condition in which all sites are empty, we find that the gap vanishes as $L^{-z}$ where the gap exponent $z$ is approximately $2.55\pm 0.15$. This model is equivalent to an interfacial roughening model where the dynamical variables at each site are matrices. From our estimate for the gap exponent we conclude that the model belongs to a new universality class, distinct from that studied by Kardar, Parisi and Zhang.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures (included

The Irreducible String and an Infinity of Additional Constants of Motion in a Deposition-Evaporation Model on a Line

We study a model of stochastic deposition-evaporation with recombination, of three species of dimers on a line. This model is a generalization of the model recently introduced by Barma {\it et. al.} (1993 {\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 70} 1033) to $q\ge 3$ states per site. It has an infinite number of constants of motion, in addition to the infinity of conservation laws of the original model which are encoded as the conservation of the irreducible string. We determine the number of dynamically disconnected sectors and their sizes in this model exactly. Using the additional symmetry we construct a class of exact eigenvectors of the stochastic matrix. The autocorrelation function decays with different powers of $t$ in different sectors. We find that the spatial correlation function has an algebraic decay with exponent 3/2, in the sector corresponding to the initial state in which all sites are in the same state. The dynamical exponent is nontrivial in this sector, and we estimate it numerically by exact diagonalization of the stochastic matrix for small sizes. We find that in this case $z=2.39\pm0.05$.Comment: Some minor errors in the first version has been correcte

Impurity assisted nanoscale localization of plasmonic excitations in graphene

The plasmon modes of pristine and impurity doped graphene are calculated, using a real-space theory which determines the non-local dielectric response within the random phase approximation. A full diagonalization of the polarization operator is performed, allowing the extraction of all its poles. It is demonstrated how impurities induce the formation of localized modes which are absent in pristine graphene. The dependence of the spatial modulations over few lattice sites and frequencies of the localized plasmons on the electronic filling and impurity strength is discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the chemical potential and impurity strength can be tuned to control target features of the localized modes. These predictions can be tested by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Tani melalui Pengenalan Program Integrasi Ternak-padi-ikan di Nagari Ampalu Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota Sumatera Barat

  Integrasi Ternak-Padi-Ikan merupakan program yang memadukan antara peternakan, pertanian dan perikanan. Program ini diharapkan dapat menunjang aktivitas pertanian dan pendapatan petani. Beberapa keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh adalah pemanfaatan kotoran ternak sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik (kompos) sebagai pupuk padi sekaligus pakan ikan, kotoran ikan yang dihasilkan dari pemeliharaan ikan di lahan sawah juga dapat dijadikan pupuk bagi tanaman padi. Ikan yang dipelihara pada lahan sawah tersebut adalah ikan nila dan padi yang ditanam adalah junjuang. Metode penyampaian program adalah andragogi, dan praktek dilakukan langsung dilahan mitra. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan, mitra sangat antusias menerima program dan melaksanakan kegiatan secara bersama. Pengetahuan mitra mengenai program yang diberikan mengalami peningkatan berdasarkan kuisioner yang dibagikan. ALT yang terdapat pada mol (starter kompos) adalah 1,0 x 1010 CFU/ml, kompos yang dihasilkan dimanfaatkan langsung, dan pada program mina padi terjadi kenaikan bobot ikan 40 g pada 10 hari pertama. Kata Kunci: Integrasi Ternak-Padi-Ikan, Pemberdayaan, Ampalu   AGRICULTURE COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH INTRODUCING LIVESTOCK-RICE-FISH INTEGRATION IN NAGARI AMPALU KECAMATAN LAREH SAGO HALABAN KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA SUMATERA BARAT   Purnama Dini Hari1) dan Wenny Surya Murtius2)   ­Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Andalas 1)email: [email protected] 2)email: [email protected] &nbsp

EFFECT OF WATER CONTENT IN KNEADING METHOD OF SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE FOR SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT

Objective: The main objective of the research work was to optimize the water requirement/content used in kneading method for solid dispersion/inclusion complex formation between water insoluble drug and polymer.Methods: Nimesulide (model drug) and β-cyclodextrin were taken in a different ratio such as 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 and, the mixture was triturated well for half hour. Water was incorporated to the mixture in different levels like 75%, 50%, 25% w/v in divided proportions and 0% (no water addition, but the mixture was triturated continuously). After each part of water addition, the mixture was triturated well for 10 min and dried using hot air over for 30 min at 50 °C and sieved using sieve no: 44. The complexes formed were subjected for various analytical characterization studies including solubility, particle size, the angle of repose, tapped density, Carr's index, fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-TDA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and in vitro dissolution studies.Results: The dissolution studies showed improvement in the release of nimesulide, which depended on the percentage level of water. The solubility of the sample was increased with increasing the concentration of the inclusion complex formed. Kneading method was proved to be a successful technique for formation of stable inclusion complex of nimesulide with β-cyclodextrin. All the formulations exhibited acceptable particle size and solubility in the range of 22.6±2 to 29±5 and 45±5 to 133±3.5 respectively.Conclusion: Nimesulide and β-cyclodextrin complex was successfully prepared and characterized for the drug-polymer stability and interactions. The result confirmed that the liquid content in the solid dispersion prepared by the kneading method played an important role in the dissolution of the poorly soluble drug.Â