Rôle de la gouvernance des TI dans la création de la valeur des TI pour l'organisation

Les investissements octroyés au domaine des TI par les organisations sont de plus en plus importants. Ils représentent dans certaines industries plus de 6 % du revenu de l’organisation (Gartner, 2014a). Paradoxalement, plusieurs organisations arrivent difficilement à générer un bon retour sur leur investissements TI à cause d’un contrôle déficient ou d’une mauvaise prise de décision sur ces mêmes investissements (IT Governance Institute, 2008). En revanche, les entreprises qui réussissent s’efforcent à éviter ces manquements par la mise en place d’une gouvernance des TI efficace. L’existence d’une relation positive entre la gouvernance des TI et la performance organisationnelle a été mise en évidence par quelques recherches antérieures. En l’occurrence, Weill et Ross (2004) soulignent que les entreprises dotées d’une gouvernance des TI efficace enregistrent un rendement de leur investissements TI supérieur de 40% aux autres (Weill & Ross, 2004). Cependant, ces études n’expliquent pas comment la gouvernance des TI serait liée à la performance de l’organisation. Dans cette thèse, nous avons cherché à clarifier conceptuellement et empiriquement cette relation en proposant dans un premier temps une conceptualisation théorique de cette relation qui se trouve fondée sur la perspective des capacités dynamiques (Article #1). Les apprentissages conceptuels issus du premier article ont été exploités par la suite pour développer et tester empiriquement un modèle théorique de l’influence de la gouvernance des TI sur la contribution des TI à la performance organisationnelle (Article #2). Finalement, une étude qualitative de l’importance accordée aux parties prenantes externes dans la gouvernance des TI a été menée (Article #3). Ce troisième article part du principe qu’une gouvernance des TI efficace, et qui se veut génératrice de la valeur pour l’organisation, doit prendre en considération toute partie prenante qui peut influencer la prise de décision TI de l’organisation, incluant les parties externes à l’organisation. Mots-clés : gouvernance des TI, sophistication de gestion des TI, alignement stratégique des TI, contribution des TI à la performance organisationnelle, capacités dynamiques, parties prenantes externes, théorie des parties prenantes.Investments allocated to IT by organisations are increasingly important. They represent in some industries more than 6% of the organisation’s revenue (Gartner, 2014a). However, many organizations still fail to create value from their IT investments because of a lack of control or a poor decision making on these investments (IT Governance Institute, 2008). Successful enterprises strive to avoid these shortcomings through effective IT governance. The existence of a positive relationship between IT governance and organizational performance was highlighted by some previous research. For instance, Weill and Ross (2004) point out that companies with an effective IT governance tend to achieve 40 % better return from their IT investments than others. However, these studies do not explain how IT governance is related to the organisation’s performance. In this thesis, we sought to clarify conceptually and empirically that relationship by offering initially a theoretical conceptualization of this relationship that is based on the dynamic capabilities perspective (article #1). Conceptual learning from the first article was subsequently exploited to develop and empirically test a theoretical model of IT governance influence on IT contribution to organizational performance (article #2). Finally, a qualitative study of the importance given to external stakeholders in IT governance was conducted (article #3). This third article assumes that effective IT governance that is able to achieve IT business value for the organization must consider every stakeholder that can influence the organization’s IT decision-making, including the organization external stakeholders. Keywords: IT governance, IT management sophistication, IT strategic alignment, IT contribution to organisational performance, dynamic capabilities, external stakeholders, stakeholder theory

EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS ON IT GOVERNANCE: PERCEPTIONS OF IT EXECUTIVES

Information Technology (IT) governance decisions usually involve several stakeholders with divergent claims. Past research on IT governance focused on internal stakeholders\u27 responsibilities and roles in IT governance decisions. However, we don’t know much about external stakeholders’ place in IT governance. Based on stakeholder theory, a qualitative research approach is adopted to determine the importance of different external stakeholders in IT governance by examining how they are prioritized in this context. Results suggested that external stakeholders’ prioritization in IT governance context as perceived by IT executives vary according to IT decision domains. Moreover external stakeholders’ influence over IT decision domains may be direct or indirect depending on their active role in IT activities or on their relationship with the organization as a whole. Implications of results are discussed

Enterprise resource planning implementation within science and technology park (STP) organisations: an avenue for future research. A systematic review. [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is critical to enhancing the ability to control commercial activities and results in a competitive advantage when combined with an organisation's existing competitive advantages. However, our practise review reveals that end users resist ERP implementation because the resulting changes will alter the current status quo. The implementation of an ERP system in an organisation is complex as it affects multiple areas of the business. Resistance to change is cited as a factor of ERP failure. Methods: In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review using Transfield’s five stages and established a conceptual framework for ERP system implementation in science and technology parks (STPs). Articles collected from Emerald, Science Direct, ProQuest and Scopus databases between 1st June 2021 and 15th June 2021. Two authors were assigned to check the suitability of the articles in order to avoid risk of bias. Articles were analysed based on components of a research paper and the data was tabulated using MS Excel. Results: Only eight papers (0.011% of all the papers) appeared when we searched for papers related to ERP with a focus on post ERP Implementation, end-user behaviours, organisational performance, and the accelerated SAP (system application and product) methodology. We found that there are hardly any articles on ERP post implementations in STP context particularly based on the evaluation part of accelerated SAP.   Conclusions: Results indicate the lack of studies in this field, particularly those addressing issues related to STP. This study attempted to broaden the understanding of the ERP's effectiveness, particularly in terms of an organisation's operational performance