Economic Development of Areas Contiguous to Multipurpose Reservoirs: The Kentucky-Tennessee Experience

This study analyzes the effects of multi-purpose reservoir projects on the economic development of areas contiguous to the dam and reservoir. The study concentrates on the development potential in a humid region where the provision of agricultural water is not critical to the economy. Can a reservoir project be a major part of a development program for a local area? How can the favorable effects of the project on the contiguous area be increased? These questions are answered by this study. The study is divided into three major phases. The first phase is a theoretical analysis of the determinants of the location of economic activity and the effect of multi-purpose reservoirs on the important location factors. This analysis shows that reservoir projects affect only a subset of the total number of factors that determine the desirability of the contiguous area for economic development; therefore, the development promoted in the contiguous area by the project is a function not only of the characteristics of the project but also of the pre-existing characteristics of the area. The second phase of the study is an empirical investigation of the economic growth in the contiguous areas of twenty existing projects in a study area of Kentucky and Tennessee. The development of these contiguous areas is compared to the development of selected control areas over the period 1940-1960. These comparisons indicate two points. First, that overall projects there is little evidence that the projects have promoted rapid development in the contiguous areas and second, that there is a wide variation in relative development from project to project with some of the projects promoting rapid growth and others seemingly having little effect. The third phase of the study is a series of individual case studies of the twenty projects to determine the reasons for the wide variations in the development of the contiguous area. Two of the contiguous areas, one which has experienced rapid development and one which has experienced virtually no development, are studied in detail to better understand the causes of this wide variation among projects in impact on the contiguous areas. These case studies lead to the conclusion that economic development emerges from a synthesis of the location features of the local area and the factors provided by the reservoir project. If the area is otherwise desirable for industrial location and the reservoir project provides key factors which were previously missing, the area will experience rapid development; however, if the area is deficient in location factors that are not provided by reservoir development, the project will not stimulate the local economy. The study concludes that multi-purpose reservoirs have the potential to be a major element in development planning, but these projects are rarely sufficient to produce rapid development unless other programs are initiated to remove shortcomings of factors not directly affected by the water project. If reservoir projects are to produce development benefits in the contiguous areas, the planning of these projects must be coordinated with other projects designed to eliminate shortcomings of the local area which would not otherwise be eliminated by the reservoir project

Apparatus and Method for Remote Assessment and Therapy Management in Medical Devices via Interface Systems

A remote medical assessment and therapy management apparatus comprising a center user interface, a center computer coupleable with the center user interface. The center computer displays information via the center user interface for use in developing a therapeutic prescription and receives therapeutic control inputs from a user. A remote device includes a medical diagnostic instrument for acquiring biophysical data from a patient, a medical therapeutic instrument that provides a therapy to the patient, and a remote computer that receives diagnostic signals from the diagnostic instrument and transmits therapeutic control signals to the therapeutic instrument. A network interface is connected between the first center computer and the remote computer and transmits diagnostic signals from the remote computer to the center computer and control signals from the center computer to the therapeutic instrument via the remote computer

UPC++ v1.0 Programmer’s Guide, Revision 2020.3.0

UPC++ is a C++11 library that provides Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming. It is designed for writing parallel programs that run efficiently and scale well on distributed-memory parallel computers. The PGAS model is single program, multiple-data (SPMD), with each separate constituent process having access to local memory as it would in C++. However, PGAS also provides access to a global address space, which is allocated in shared segments that are distributed over the processes. UPC++ provides numerous methods for accessing and using global memory. In UPC++, all operations that access remote memory are explicit, which encourages programmers to be aware of the cost of communication and data movement. Moreover, all remote-memory access operations are by default asynchronous, to enable programmers to write code that scales well even on hundreds of thousands of cores

The first international workshop on the role and impact of mathematics in medicine: a collective account

The First International Workshop on The Role and Impact of Mathematics in Medicine (RIMM) convened in Paris in June 2010. A broad range of researchers discussed the difficulties, challenges and opportunities faced by those wishing to see mathematical methods contribute to improved medical outcomes. Finding mechanisms for inter- disciplinary meetings, developing a common language, staying focused on the medical problem at hand, deriving realistic mathematical solutions, obtainin

Pharmacokinetics of Py-Im Polyamides Depend on Architecture: Cyclic versus Linear

The pharmacokinetic properties of three pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides of similar size and Py-Im content but different shape were studied in the mouse. Remarkably, hairpin and cyclic oligomers programmed for the same DNA sequence 5′-WGGWWW-3′ displayed distinct pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, the hairpin 1 and cycle 2 exhibited vastly different animal toxicities. These data provide a foundation for design of DNA binding Py-Im polyamides to be tested in vivo

Functional Mobility Training With a Powered Knee and Ankle Prosthesis

Limb loss at the transfemoral or knee disarticulation level results in a significant decrease in mobility. Powered lower limb prostheses have the potential to provide increased functional mobility and return individuals to activities of daily living that are limited due to their amputation. Providing power at the knee and/or ankle, new and innovative training is required for the amputee and the clinician to understand the capabilities of these advanced devices. This protocol for functional mobility training with a powered knee and ankle prosthesis was developed while training 30 participants with a unilateral transfemoral or knee disarticulation amputation at a nationally ranked physical medicine and rehabilitation research hospital. Participants received instruction for level-ground walking, stair climbing, incline walking, and sit-to-stand transitions. A therapist provided specific training for each mode including verbal, visual, and tactile cueing along with patient education on the functionality of the device. The primary outcome measure was the ability of each participant to demonstrate independence with walking and sit-to-stand transitions along with modified independence for stair climbing and incline walking due to the use of a handrail. Every individual was successful in comfortable ambulation of level-ground walking and 27 out of 30 were successful in all other functional modes after participating in 1–3 sessions of 1–2 h in length (3 terminated their participation before attempting all activities). As these prosthetic devices continue to advance, therapy techniques must advance as well, and this paper serves as education on new training techniques that can provide amputees with the best possible tools to take advantage of these powered devices to achieve their desired clinical outcomes

Heritability of Clinical Mastitis Incidence and Relationships with Sire Transmitting Abilities for Somatic Cell Score, Udder Type Traits, Productive Life, and Protein Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among daughter clinical mastitis during first and second lactations and sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. Data on clinical mastitis during first lactation were available for 1795 daughters (in six Pennsylvania herds, one Minnesota herd, and one Nebraska herd) of 283 Holstein sires. Data on clinical mastitis during second lactation were available for 1055 of these daughters. A total of 479 cows had 864 clinical episodes during first lactation, and 230 cows had 384 clinical episodes during second lactation. Clinical mastitis incidence and the total number of clinical episodes during each lactation were regressed on herd-season of calving (a classification variable), age at first calving, lactation length, and sire transmitting abilities taken one at a time. Linear effects, nonlinear effects, and odds ratios were estimated for sire transmitting abilities. Separate analyses were conducted on dependent variables that considered clinical mastitis from: all organisms, coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliform species, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, and the most common environmental organisms (coliform species and streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae). Heritability of clinical mastitis ranged from 0.01 to 0.42. Daughters of sires that transmit the lowest somatic cell score had the lowest incidence of clinical mastitis and the fewest clinical episodes during first and second lactations. Daughters of sires that transmit longer productive life, shallower udders, deeper udder cleft, and strongly attached fore udders had either fewer clinical episodes or lower clinical mastitis incidence during first and second lactations. The incidence of clinical mastitis and the number of clinical episodes per lactation may be reduced by selection for lower somatic cell score, longer productive life, shallower udders, deeper udder cleft, or strongly attached fore udders

Gene expression changes in a tumor xenograft by a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide

Gene regulation by DNA binding small molecules could have important therapeutic applications. This study reports the investigation of a DNA-binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeted to bind the DNA sequence 5′-WGGWWW-3′ with reference to its potency in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. The molecule is capable of trafficking to the tumor site following subcutaneous injection and modulates transcription of select genes in vivo. An FITC-labeled analogue of this polyamide can be detected in tumor-derived cells by confocal microscopy. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) of tumor tissue allowed the identification of further affected genes, a representative panel of which was interrogated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and correlated with cell culture expression levels

UPC++ v1.0 Specification, Revision 2019.9.0

UPC++ is a C++11 library providing classes and functions that support Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming. We are revising the library under the auspices of the DOE’s Exascale Computing Project, to meet the needs of applications requiring PGAS support. UPC++ is intended for implementing elaborate distributed data structures where communication is irregular or fine-grained. The UPC++ interfaces for moving non-contiguous data and handling memories with different optimal access methods are composable and similar to those used in conventional C++. The UPC++ programmer can expect communication to run at close to hardware speeds. The key facilities in UPC++ are global pointers, that enable the programmer to express ownership information for improving locality, one-sided communication, both put/get and RPC, futures and continuations. Futures capture data readiness state, which is useful in making scheduling decisions, and continuations provide for completion handling via callbacks. Together, these enable the programmer to chain together a DAG of operations to execute asynchronously as high-latency dependencies become satisfied

UPC++ v1.0 Programmer’s Guide, Revision 2019.9.0

UPC++ is a C++11 library that provides Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming. It is designed for writing parallel programs that run efficiently and scale well on distributed-memory parallel computers. The PGAS model is single program, multiple-data (SPMD), with each separate constituent process having access to local memory as it would in C++. However, PGAS also provides access to a global address space, which is allocated in shared segments that are distributed over the processes. UPC++ provides numerous methods for accessing and using global memory. In UPC++, all operations that access remote memory are explicit, which encourages programmers to be aware of the cost of communication and data movement. Moreover, all remote-memory access operations are by default asynchronous, to enable programmers to write code that scales well even on hundreds of thousands of cores