Avaliação de fontes e doses de fósforo no crescimento inicial do milho.

RESUMO: O fósforo é componente vital para todos os seres vivos e é essencial para a produção agrícola. No Brasil, a maior parte dos solos agricultáveis tem baixos teores de fósforo disponível. Para atender as exigências das plantas e suprimento adequado de fósforo há a necessidade da aplicação de adubos fosfatados. Dentre as opções de fontes no mercado, os fosfatos totalmente acidulados são os usualmente comercializados. Com o aumento do uso dos fosfatos naturais reativos, a avaliação da eficiência da aplicação do fertilizante é importante no manejo da adubação fosfatada. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando um Nitossolo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos arranjados em um fatorial 4 x 2 com quatro repetições. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de fontes e doses de fósforo no crescimento inicial do milho. A produção de matéria seca e os teores de P da parte aérea das plantas de milho aumentaram com o incremento das doses de fósforo, dependentemente da fonte de P considerada. Contudo, o Superfosfato Triplo foi mais eficiente que o fosfato de Arad, garantindo melhor nutrição e crescimento inicial das plantas de milho. ABSTRACT: Phosphorus is an essential element for all living organisms and important also for agricultural production. The content of P in most agricultural soils in Brazil is low. In order to supply the plant needs and the soil fixation, application of P fertilizer is required. Among the various options of P fertilizers in the market, the totally acidified phosphates are usually commercialized. The evaluation of the efficiency of the reactive natural phosphates as P fertilizers is important due to the increase of the utilization of cheaper sources of natural P. The experiment was carried out in green house, using a Nitossolo. The experimental design used was complete randomized design, with the treatments in a 4x2 factorial arrangement, and four replications. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of sources and rates of P on the growth of corn. The production of dry matter and the content of P on the corn leave and stalks (above ground corn parts) increased as rates of P increased, regardless the P sources tested. However, the Triple Super Phosphate was more efficient compared with Arad phosphate, providing better nutrition and initial growth of corn plants

The Genome Sequence DataBase: towards an integrated functional genomics resource

During 1998 the primary focus of the Genome Sequence DataBase (GSDB; http://www.ncgr.org/gsdb ) located at the National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR) has been to improve data quality, improve data collections, and provide new methods and tools to access and analyze data. Data quality has been improved by extensive curation of certain data fields necessary for maintaining data collections and for using certain tools. Data quality has also been increased by improvements to the suite of programs that import data from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (IC). The Sequence Tag Alignment and Consensus Knowledgebase (STACK), a database of human expressed gene sequences developed by the South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), became available within the last year, allowing public access to this valuable resource of expressed sequences. Data access was improved by the addition of the Sequence Viewer, a platform-independent graphical viewer for GSDB sequence data. This tool has also been integrated with other searching and data retrieval tools. A BLAST homology search service was also made available, allowing researchers to search all of the data, including the unique data, that are available from GSDB. These improvements are designed to make GSDB more accessible to users, extend the rich searching capability already present in GSDB, and to facilitate the transition to an integrated system containing many different types of biological data

Uso de tecnologias em lavouras de trigo tecnicamente assistidas no Paraná - safra 2014.

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Optimization of Ribosome Structure and Function by rRNA Base Modification

BACKGROUND: Translating mRNA sequences into functional proteins is a fundamental process necessary for the viability of organisms throughout all kingdoms of life. The ribosome carries out this process with a delicate balance between speed and accuracy. This work investigates how ribosome structure and function are affected by rRNA base modification. The prevailing view is that rRNA base modifications serve to fine tune ribosome structure and function. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test this hypothesis, yeast strains deficient in rRNA modifications in the ribosomal peptidyltransferase center were monitored for changes in and translational fidelity. These studies revealed allele-specific sensitivity to translational inhibitors, changes in reading frame maintenance, nonsense suppression and aa-tRNA selection. Ribosomes isolated from two mutants with the most pronounced phenotypic changes had increased affinities for aa-tRNA, and surprisingly, increased rates of peptidyltransfer as monitored by the puromycin assay. rRNA chemical analyses of one of these mutants identified structural changes in five specific bases associated with the ribosomal A-site. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Together, the data suggest that modification of these bases fine tune the structure of the A-site region of the large subunit so as to assure correct positioning of critical rRNA bases involved in aa-tRNA accommodation into the PTC, of the eEF-1A•aa-tRNA•GTP ternary complex with the GTPase associated center, and of the aa-tRNA in the A-site. These findings represent a direct demonstration in support of the prevailing hypothesis that rRNA modifications serve to optimize rRNA structure for production of accurate and efficient ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cells Producing Ribosomes Deficient in Rpl1 Are Hypersensitive to Defects in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System

It has recently become clear that the misassembly of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells can have deleterious effects that go far beyond a simple shortage of ribosomes. In this work we find that cells deficient in ribosomal protein L1 (Rpl1; Rpl10a in mammals) produce ribosomes lacking Rpl1 that are exported to the cytoplasm and that can be incorporated into polyribosomes. The presence of such defective ribosomes leads to slow growth and appears to render the cells hypersensitive to lesions in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Several genes that were reasonable candidates for degradation of 60S subunits lacking Rpl1 fail to do so, suggesting that key players in the surveillance of ribosomal subunits remain to be found. Interestingly, in spite of rendering the cells hypersensitive to the proteasome inhibitor MG132, shortage of Rpl1 partially suppresses the stress-invoked temporary repression of ribosome synthesis caused by MG132.United States. National Institutes of Health (GM25532)United States. National Institutes of Health (ARRAGM25532-S1)United States. National Institutes of Health (GM085177)United States. National Institutes of Health (CAI-3330)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC