Water quality study of the Muchea livestock truck wash

Across Australia there is a lack of information on the quality of the water discharged from facilities that are used to wash livestock trucks. This water quality scoping study partially fills that information gap and provides a starting point for future planning, design and construction of livestock truck washes. The study was undertaken in 2011–12 at the Western Australian Muchea Livestock Centre, and aimed to gain insights into water quality associated with the truck wash facility at that site. These insights can help to inform the planning for further construction of truck wash facilities throughout the state, and whether disposing wastewater to Water Corporation’s sewerage system could be part of a new facility. We examined water quality at primary points of the wastewater treatment system to understand the impact of each part of the system and determine the most appropriate site for detailed temporal monitoring. This was followed by a two-day sampling program at one point in the treatment system. We concluded that the minimum infrastructure requirements to satisfy Water Corporation’s maximum allowable limits for disposal to the sewerage system include sieve bend screens (Hunter screens), an anaerobic or settling pond, and a holding pond to ensure sufficient safety margins if sewer disposal was ever delayed. We recommend that further consideration is given to estimating the capital and operational costs of a truck wash facility that meets these minimum requirements, compared to a closed system that retains all wastewater on-site, or other systems that recover nutrients from high-value products. We also recommend that a sampling program be conducted across all truck washes in WA to gain insight into possible geographical variations and the wider applicability of this study’s findings

The Earth: Plasma Sources, Losses, and Transport Processes

This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its consequences on system dynamics, and its loss are all discussed. Both observational and modeling advances since the last time this subject was covered in detail (Hultqvist et al., Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses, 1999) are addressed

Near infrared analysis for nutritive attributes of tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata)

Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata) is a perennial legume native to Lanzarote, an island within the Canary Islands; known for its dry environment. It is a plant known as a grazing option within that island. Tedera was tested for its potential as an optional feed source for sheep grazing under Western Australian conditions, also known for its frequent periods of drought stress. Four sets each of 35 seasonal samples were taken from seven accessions of the legume, in an area known to have less than 600 mm of rain each year. Milled leaf – stem samples were analysed for a series of nutritive attributes and calibrations were developed using information in near infrared spectra. This paper presents findings, which demonstrate that some sound calibrations are possible for major nutritive attributes including acid detergent fibre, crude protein, calcium and chloride; for these attributes the ratio of performance to deviation exceeded a value of 4.5

Water quality study of the Muchea livestock truck wash

Across Australia there is a lack of information on the quality of the water discharged from facilities that are used to wash livestock trucks. This water quality scoping study partially fills that information gap and provides a starting point for future planning, design and construction of livestock truck washes. The study was undertaken in 2011–12 at the Western Australian Muchea Livestock Centre, and aimed to gain insights into water quality associated with the truck wash facility at that site. These insights can help to inform the planning for further construction of truck wash facilities throughout the state, and whether disposing wastewater to Water Corporation’s sewerage system could be part of a new facility. We examined water quality at primary points of the wastewater treatment system to understand the impact of each part of the system and determine the most appropriate site for detailed temporal monitoring. This was followed by a two-day sampling program at one point in the treatment system. We concluded that the minimum infrastructure requirements to satisfy Water Corporation’s maximum allowable limits for disposal to the sewerage system include sieve bend screens (Hunter screens), an anaerobic or settling pond, and a holding pond to ensure sufficient safety margins if sewer disposal was ever delayed. We recommend that further consideration is given to estimating the capital and operational costs of a truck wash facility that meets these minimum requirements, compared to a closed system that retains all wastewater on-site, or other systems that recover nutrients from high-value products. We also recommend that a sampling program be conducted across all truck washes in WA to gain insight into possible geographical variations and the wider applicability of this study’s findings

The Earth: Plasma Sources, Losses, and Transport Processes

International audienceThis paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its consequences on system dynamics, and its loss are all discussed. Both observational and modeling advances since the last time this subject was covered in detail (Hultqvist et al., Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses, 1999) are addressed

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically