Is the Exclusionary Rule a Prohibition-Era Relic?

Review of Wesley M. Oliver\u27s The Prohibition Era and Policing: A Legacy of Misregulation

Policy Disagreements with the United States Sentencing Guidelines: A Welcome Expansion of Judicial Discretion or the Beginning of the End of the Sentencing Guidelines?

Article III of the Constitution confers upon federal judges the duty to decide cases and controversies. The case or controversy requirement distinguishes the judiciary from the legislative and executive branches of government, which make and enforce laws of general application for the benefit of the entire Republic. As Alexander Hamilton declared in Federalist No. 78, the judiciary may truly be said to have neither FORCE nor WILL, but merely judgment. For that reason, Hamilton argued that the judiciary would be the least dangerous branch of the federal government. Hamilton\u27s argument depended, of course, on the caveat that [the courts must declare the sense of the law; and if they should be disposed to exercise WILL instead of JUDGMENT, the consequence would equally be the substitution of their pleasure to that of the legislative body

Meta-analysis of sex difference in testosterone levels in umbilical cord blood

This meta-analysis reviewed published literature comparing human male and female umbilical cord total testosterone (T) levels. A total of 18 studies using 1,229 samples from 602 male and 627 female newborns were analysed using the RevMan 5 statistical package. Analysis using the inverse variance method based on a random-effects model revealed significantly higher cord T in boys than girls at a moderate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.57). There was significant heterogeneity between the 18 studies, although the five studies using direct assays showed no heterogeneity. For studies using extraction and chromatography, those that combined T from arterial and venous cord blood found a larger sex difference than those using only cord venous samples (Hedges' g = 0.94 vs 0.32); this suggests umbilical cord venous T is of maternal/placental origin and arterial T is of fetal origin. The wide range of T values between studies suggests high cross-reactivity in the assay methods reviewed

Implementing social health insurance in Ireland: Report of a meeting and workshop held in Dublin, on December 6th 2010

We considered two basic questions, 'Is it possible to implement Social Health Insurance in Ireland?', and 'How can this be done?'. Can Social Health Insurance be implemented in Ireland? Our answer is a very definite yes. Furthermore, there would be many opportunities, while working towards this end, to improve the performance of our health care system. How can it be implemented? This process will need to be actively managed. There are many difficulties in the Irish health services, but also many opportunities. The greatest strengths are the talented, well-trained and very committed staff. Getting and keeping the support of these staff, for the necessary changes in service delivery, will be critical. Ireland has the capacity to make these changes, but without high quality management, a detailed focussed plan for change, and political support, little will happen. Each step in the change needs to be planned to maintain services, improve service delivery, improve service accountability, and improve service governance. Each sector of the service will need someone to lead the change, and mind that service during the change. Primary care remains under-developed. The HSE plan to develop primary care teams (PCT) has not succeeded. There are several established PCTs which work well. In other areas there are informal arrangements for collaboration, which work well. Overall, there are many useful lessons to learn from the experience so far. Future developments will need to place general practice at the centre of primary care. The mechanisms for doing this will vary from place to place, but need to be developed urgently. Acute hospitals face a crisis of governance. Maurice Hayes' (1) recent report on Tallaght hospital gives an idea of the scale of the changes needed. Tallaght is, we believe, not atypical, and is reputed to be by no means the worst governed hospital in the system. This, alone, should provide a pressing motive for change. Redesigning Irish hospitals to a new mission of supporting primary care, of supporting care in the community where possible can, and must, be done. Long-term care for older people is also a challenge. We advise moving to an integrated needs based system with smooth transitions between different degrees of support at home, and different degrees of support in specialized housing facilities including nursing homes. A similar model should apply to other forms of long-term care, for example for people with a substantial disability. Information systems and management processes both need a major overhaul. The health service remains strikingly under-managed, and fixing this will need a substantial culture change within the services. Wide use of standardized formal project management processes will be vital. There is a separate plan being developed to improve health service IT systems, and implementing this needs to be a high priority. We have not considered other key sectors, for example mental health, disability services, and social services. This does not mean that these are unimportant, merely that we had limited time, and a great deal to cover

Labor and Employment: The Battle for the Gig Economy

The following is a transcript of a 2016 Federalist Society panel entitled Labor & Employment Law: The Battle for the Gig Economy. The panel originally occurred on November 17, 2016 during the National Lawyers Convention in Washington, D.C. The panelists were: Mark Brnovich, Attorney General, Arizona; Mr. Mark Floyd, Senior Director and Global Relations Lead, Uber Technologies Inc.; Mr. Randel K. Johnson, Senior Vice President, Labor, Immigration and Employee Benefits, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; and Mr. Bill Samuel, Director of Government Affairs, AFL-CIO. The moderator was the Honorable Judge Thomas M. Hardiman of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit

KONSERVASI AIR TANAH BERBASIS PEMETAAN ZONA POTENSIAL RESAPAN AIR DI KABUPATEN PURWOREJO, PROVINSI JAWA TENG

Air tanah merupakan sumber daya yang menjadi kebutuhan pokok manusia, yang keberadaannya semakin menurun baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas. Pemetaan daerah resapan air diperlukan untuk menjaga cadangan air tanah kelestarian kawasan lindung dan cadangan air tanah. Studi dilakukan di Kabupaten Purworejo yang terdiri dari 16 kecamatan dengan luas wilayah 1.034,82 km2. Studi dilakukan dengan menggunakan tools Sistem Informasi Geografi melalui analisa spasial metode kuantitatif weighted-overlay. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelulusan batuan, curah hujan, penggunaan lahan, jenis tanah, kemiringan lereng dan kedalaman muka air tanah tidak tertekan. Dari hasil pemetaan daerah potensial resapan air, wilayah dengan potensi resapan tinggi atau daerah Imbuhan berada pada wilayah dengan luas wilayah 42.694,236 ha, dan daerah dengan kategori rendah atau daerah Lepasan seluas 65.286,435 ha. Dari hasil pemetaan atau tumpangsusun melalui analisa geospasial, didapatkan hasil bahwa ada beberapa ketidaksesuaian penggunaan lahan, dimana seharusnya untuk Kawasan resapan air (daerah Imbuhan) digunakan untuk kegiatan Kawasan budidaya. Ketidaksesuaian antara daerah yang seharusnya dipergunakan untuk daerah imbuhan dipergunakan untuk Kawasan budidaya meliputi: Penggunaan untuk Hutan Produksi seluas 6.632,05 ha, Permukiman seluas 661,69 ha, pertanian lahan basah seluas 4.436,17 ha, dan pertanian lahan kering seluas 7.793, 2 ha. Groundwater is a resource that is a basic human need, whose existence is decreasing both in quantity and quality. Mapping of groundwater recharge areas is needed to maintain groundwater reserves for the preservation of protected areas. The study location is in Purworejo Regency which consisted of 16 sub-districts with an area of 1,034.82 km2. The study was conducted using geographic information system (GIS) tools through spatial analysis of quantitative weighted-overlay methods. The parameters used in this study were the permeability of rocks, rainfall, land use, soil type, slope and groundwater depth. From the results of mapping the potential areas of groundwater recharge, areas with high recharge potential or the Recharge area are in areas with an area of 42,694,236 ha, and areas with low categories or Discharge areas covering 65,286,435 ha. From the results of mapping through geospatial analysis, the results show that there are some land use incompatibility, which should be for groundwater recharge areas (Imbuhan area) used for cultivation area activities. Incompatibility between the areas that should be used for the recharge area used for cultivation areas include: Use for Production Forests of 6,632.05 ha; 661.69 ha of settlement; 4,436.17 ha of wetland agriculture, and 7,793.2 ha dry land farming

Why, or Why Not, Be an Originalist?

On November 15, 2019, the Federalist Society hosted the second showcase panel of the 2019 National Lawyers Convention at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, DC. The topic of the panel was “Why, or Why Not, Be an Originalist?” There are a variety of arguments for following originalism today, such as justifications rooted in language, positivism, sovereignty, and consequences. This panel would look at many normative positions for and against originalism

Prolactin and hostility in hospitalised patients and healthy women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess any difference in the self-ratings of hostility in mentally healthy women with different levels of prolactin (PRL). Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) were searched up to 2nd July 2012 for published literature comparing hostility levels in women with different levels of PRL. Keyword pairs ('prolactin' and 'aggression', 'prolactin' and 'hostil*', 'prolactin' and 'anger', and 'prolactin' and 'angry') were entered simultaneously. From 1065 resulting titles, and one unpublished study, 214 articles underwent full-text review by authors JB and EM. Studies were selected based on clinical relevance. Eight comparative studies consisting of 242 female patients with high PRL levels, 207 female patients with normal PRL levels and 127 healthy controls with normal PRL levels were included. Data were analysed using the inverse variance method with a random-effects model. Analysis revealed significantly higher hostility in patients with high PRL compared with that in healthy control women (Z = 1.94, p < 0.05; Hedges' g = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.01-1.45), significantly higher hostility in patient controls compared with that in healthy controls (Z = 1.94, p < 0.05; Hedges' g = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.00-0.94) and non-significantly higher hostility levels in patients with high PRL compared with that in patients with normal PRL levels (Z = 1.45, p < 0.15; Hedges' g = 0.38; 95% CI: -0.13-0.89). In this meta-analysis, hostility appears to be accounted for partly by PRL levels and also partly by patient status, perhaps due to the stress of being a patient. Methodological considerations and implications for patient care are discussed