The Role of Industry Based Learning in a Construction Management Program

Increasingly university administrations are questioning the value of industry experience during a construction management undergraduate program. It is suggested that such work experience is difficult for academics to assess. It may also be unavailable to some students and not closely related to formal learning outcomes. As a result there is pressure to remove the requirement from the graduation eligibility process at many universities. For those who believe that an understanding of the industry context is critical to the development of a construction graduate, there is a need to provide evidence of the breadth and effectiveness of industry experience undertaken by undergraduates. Such evidence may be gleaned from the documents provided by students to support their completion of the required amount of industry experience. Logbooks and employer letters from the last four years at one university were examined and encoded using NVIVO9™ text analysis software. The resulting data indicates that current students are employed throughout the industry in a wide variety of roles and in many types of companies. There is some evidence that the type of experience gained in top tier companies is qualitatively different from that gained elsewhere. There is no indication that student employment is clustered at the low skilled end of the spectrum. Indeed, there is evidence that some students gain positions of considerable responsibility well before they graduate with an undergraduate degree. As such it may well be worth consideration that a specific hierarchy of industry roles be established for students to aim for during their study period. This research suggests that this question merits further discussed between industry advisors and academic providers

Miltonic Echoes: Fallen and Unfallen Resonances in Paradise Lost

Paradise Lost est l’un des derniers poèmes d’une tradition qui, à la Renaissance, exploite l’écho de façon à la fois formelle et thématique. Milton renvoie en particulier à des passages très connus sur l’écho chez les poètes antiques Lucrèce, Virgile et Ovide. Au sein de cette lignée, Virgile reprend les enjeux soulevés par Lucrèce, avant qu’Ovide ne vienne se confronter à ses deux prédécesseurs pour élaborer l’épisode de Narcisse et Écho (livre III des Métamorphoses), dans lequel il associe subtilement des reflets sonores et optiques. Cette association sera déterminante pour Milton dans sa façon de s’approprier le traitement de l’écho : dans Paradise Lost, l’écho et le reflet collaborent pour exprimer les relations productives au sein du monde d’avant la Chute, mais aussi pour traduire les relations perverties du monde déchu.Paradise Lost comes towards the end of a Renaissance tradition of poems that exploit echo in both thematic and formal ways. Milton looks back more particularly to major passages on echo in the ancient poets Lucretius, Virgil, and Ovid, a line in which Virgil engages with Lucretius, and Ovid engages with both, producing in his Narcissus and Echo episode in Metamorphoses 3 a subtle drama that combines sonic and optical reflections, a combination that is determinative for Milton’s own handling of echo. In Paradise Lost echo and reflection operate both to articulate the productive relationships of the unfallen world, and to register the perverted relationships of the fallen world

Approximative Similes in Ovid. Incest and Doubling

This paper is about the pleasures and dangers of getting too close, about a desire to elide difference that operates on both a sexual and a textual plane. My subject is Ovid at his most seriously flirtatious, for this desire is at once the source of typically playful – and, as we say, Ovidian – effects of illusion and mistaken identity, and the obsessive urge that keeps the poet writing. This kind of serioludere is a central topic of my book Ovid’spoeticsofillusion ; the present discussion ma..

How Prudentian is the Aeneid?

This essay focuses on the feature of the Psychomachia that is supposed to mark a decisive break from the tradition of classical epic, the fact that it is an allegorical epic, and ask how Virgilian, in reality, its allegorical themes and procedures may be. As a study of intertextuality, the paper further poses the question of whether reading the Psychomachia through the Aeneid also brings yields in terms of reading the Aeneid through the Psychomachia. In particular I consider two aspects of what I shall, provocatively, call Virgil’s Prudentian allegorical techniques: firstly, personification allegory, with reference to the Allecto episode in Aeneid 7 and the story of Hercules and Cacus in Aeneid 8; and secondly, the allegorical and imagistic networks that proliferate from Virgil’s programmatic storm in Aeneid 1

Dido e Lucrécia, de Virgílio a Shakespeare

Neste artigo, eu investigo as ligações entre a versão virgiliana de Dido – mulher que comete suicídio por ter perdido a castidade e que, proferindo uma maldição ao morrer, leva por fim a sua cidade de Cartago à destruição nas guerras Púnicas – e Lucrécia – mulher cujo suicídio como prova de sua inocência depois de um estupro é evento de caráter fundador na história da cidade de Roma, que acarreta a expulsão dos reis e a instauração da República. Segue-se ao estudo detalhado da narrativa virgiliana, no qual sustento que a sombra de Lucrécia paira sobre a figura de Dido, uma série de abordagens posteriores na história da associação de Dido a Lucrécia, desde os Pais da Igreja até Shakespeare.In this paper I explore the links between the Virgilian version of Dido, the woman whose fall from chastity leads to her suicide, and, through her dying curse, eventually to the destruction of her city of Carthage in the Punic Wars, and Lucretia, the woman whose suicide as vindication of her innocence after her rape is a foundational event in the history of the city of Rome, leading to the expulsion of the kings and the establishment of the republic. A detailed study of the Virgilian narrative, in which I argue that the shadow of Lucretia hovers behind the figure of Dido, is followed by a sampling of the later history of the association of Dido and Lucretia, from the Church Fathers to Shakespeare

Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood development outcomes : An analysis of Scottish linked administrative health data

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes:analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow & Clyde, Scotland

Background Previous research has linked prenatal maternal infections to later childhood developmental outcomes and socioemotional difficulties. However, existing studies have relied on retrospectively self-reported survey data, or data on hospital-recorded infections only, resulting in gaps in data collection. Methods This study used a large linked administrative health dataset, bringing together data from birth records, hospital records, prescriptions and routine child health reviews for 55,856 children born in Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland, 2011–2015, and their mothers. Logistic regression models examined associations between prenatal infections, measured as both hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and receipt of infection-related prescription(s) during pregnancy, and childhood developmental concern(s) identified by health visitors during 6-8 week or 27-30 month health reviews. Secondary analyses examined whether results varied by (a) specific developmental outcome types (gross-motor-skills, hearing-communication, vision-social-awareness, personal-social, emotional-behavioural-attention and speech-language-communication) and (b) the trimester(s) in which infections occurred. Results After confounder/covariate adjustment, hospital-diagnosed infections were associated with increased odds of having at least one developmental concern (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19–1.42). This was broadly consistent across all developmental outcome types and appeared to be specifically linked to infections occurring in pregnancy trimesters 2 (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.67) and 3 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21–1.47), that is the trimesters in which foetal brain myelination occurs. Infection-related prescriptions were not associated with any clear increase in odds of having at least one developmental concern after confounder/covariate adjustment (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98–1.08), but were associated with slightly increased odds of concerns specifically related to personal-social (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22) and emotional-behavioural-attention (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.22) development. Conclusions Prenatal infections, particularly those which are hospital-diagnosed (and likely more severe), are associated with early childhood developmental outcomes. Prevention of prenatal infections, and monitoring of support needs of affected children, may improve childhood development, but causality remains to be established.</p

Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes:analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland

Background Previous research has linked prenatal maternal infections to later childhood developmental outcomes and socioemotional difficulties. However, existing studies have relied on retrospectively self-reported survey data, or data on hospital-recorded infections only, resulting in gaps in data collection. Methods This study used a large linked administrative health dataset, bringing together data from birth records, hospital records, prescriptions and routine child health reviews for 55,856 children born in Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland, 2011–2015, and their mothers. Logistic regression models examined associations between prenatal infections, measured as both hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and receipt of infection-related prescription(s) during pregnancy, and childhood developmental concern(s) identified by health visitors during 6-8 week or 27-30 month health reviews. Secondary analyses examined whether results varied by (a) specific developmental outcome types (gross-motor-skills, hearing-communication, vision-social-awareness, personal-social, emotional-behavioural-attention and speech-language-communication) and (b) the trimester(s) in which infections occurred. Results After confounder/covariate adjustment, hospital-diagnosed infections were associated with increased odds of having at least one developmental concern (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19–1.42). This was broadly consistent across all developmental outcome types and appeared to be specifically linked to infections occurring in pregnancy trimesters 2 (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.67) and 3 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21–1.47), that is the trimesters in which foetal brain myelination occurs. Infection-related prescriptions were not associated with any clear increase in odds of having at least one developmental concern after confounder/covariate adjustment (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98–1.08), but were associated with slightly increased odds of concerns specifically related to personal-social (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22) and emotional-behavioural-attention (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.22) development. Conclusions Prenatal infections, particularly those which are hospital-diagnosed (and likely more severe), are associated with early childhood developmental outcomes. Prevention of prenatal infections, and monitoring of support needs of affected children, may improve childhood development, but causality remains to be established.</p

Prenatal maternal infections and early childhood developmental outcomes:Analysis of linked administrative health data for Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland

Background: Previous research has linked prenatal maternal infections to later childhood developmental outcomes and socioemotional difficulties. However, existing studies have relied on retrospectively self-reported survey data, or data on hospital-recorded infections only, resulting in gaps in data collection. Methods: This study used a large linked administrative health dataset, bringing together data from birth records, hospital records, prescriptions and routine child health reviews for 55,856 children born in Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland, 2011–2015, and their mothers. Logistic regression models examined associations between prenatal infections, measured as both hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and receipt of infection-related prescription(s) during pregnancy, and childhood developmental concern(s) identified by health visitors during 6-8 week or 27-30 month health reviews. Secondary analyses examined whether results varied by (a) specific developmental outcome types (gross-motor-skills, hearing-communication, vision-social-awareness, personal-social, emotional-behavioural-attention and speech-language-communication) and (b) the trimester(s) in which infections occurred. Results: After confounder/covariate adjustment, hospital-diagnosed infections were associated with increased odds of having at least one developmental concern (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19–1.42). This was broadly consistent across all developmental outcome types and appeared to be specifically linked to infections occurring in pregnancy trimesters 2 (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07–1.67) and 3 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21–1.47), that is the trimesters in which foetal brain myelination occurs. Infection-related prescriptions were not associated with any clear increase in odds of having at least one developmental concern after confounder/covariate adjustment (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98–1.08), but were associated with slightly increased odds of concerns specifically related to personal-social (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22) and emotional-behavioural-attention (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.22) development. Conclusions: Prenatal infections, particularly those which are hospital-diagnosed (and likely more severe), are associated with early childhood developmental outcomes. Prevention of prenatal infections, and monitoring of support needs of affected children, may improve childhood development, but causality remains to be established

Investigating low birthweight and preterm birth as potential mediators in the relationship between prenatal infections and early child development:a linked administrative health data analysis

Background: Prenatal infections are associated with childhood developmental outcomes such as reduced cognitive abilities, emotional problems and other developmental vulnerabilities. However, there is currently a lack of research examining whether this arises due to potential intermediary variables like low birthweight or preterm birth, or due to some other mechanisms of maternal immune activation arising from prenatal infections.Methods: Administrative data from the National Health Service (NHS) health board of Greater Glasgow &amp; Clyde, Scotland, was used, linking birth records to hospital records and universal child health review records for 55,534 children born from 2011-2015, and their mothers. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to examine the extent to which low birthweight and preterm birth mediate the relationship between hospital-diagnosed prenatal infections and having developmental concern(s) identified by a health visitor during 6-8 week or 27-30 month child health reviews.Results: Model estimates suggest that 5.18% [95% CI: 3.77-7.65%] of the positive association observed between hospital diagnosed prenatal infections and developmental concern(s) was mediated by low birthweight, whilst 7.37% [95% CI: 5.36-10.88%] was mediated by preterm birth.Conclusion: Low birthweight and preterm birth appear to mediate the relationship between prenatal infections and childhood development, but only to a small extent. Maternal immune activation mechanisms unrelated to low birthweight and preterm birth remain the most likely explanation for associations observed between prenatal infections and child developmental outcomes, although other factors (e.g. genetic factors) may also be involved