The Association of Lipoprotein Changes and the Development of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Infection

There’s interrelationship between infection and lipoprotein. This is a cohort prospective study which conducted November 2010 – February 2011. This study aimed to assess the changes of HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), in acute and critical phase of dengue infection and its association with plasma leakage. Subjects who had fever 48 hours or less and Dengue NS1 antigen test positive were admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. We examined clinical and CBC daily; level of albumin, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG; ultrasound to find ascites and pleural effusion. Among 51 subjects, 21 subjects (41%) had plasma leakage. There were significant lower of HDL-C, LDL-C, and higher TG in critical phase than acute phase. In critical phase, subjects with plasma leakage had a significant lower HDL-C level [26.3 (8.2) vs 33.1 (12.1) mg/dL, p=0.029] but not for LDL-C, TC, and TG. They also had a significantly higher reduction in HDL-C [19.6 (9.1) vs 11.5 (5.8) mg/dL, p<0.0001] and TC [25.1 (20.0) vs 15.2 (14.5) mg/dL, 0.045] over the course of acute to critical phase. Lipoprotein changes during dengue infection were more pronounced among subjects who developed plasma leakage. The higher reduction in HDL-C is associated with the development of plasma leakage. &nbsp

The Difference of Gastric PH in Dyspepsia Patients with or Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Dyspepsia syndrome often experienced by patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Gastric acid is one of the aggressive factors of syndrome dyspepsia and peptic ulcers. This study aims to find the difference of gastric pH in dyspepsia patients with DM and without DM, and also to determine whether there is any correlation between gastric pH with proteinuria and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).Method: Two groups of patients consisted of 30 patients with DM and 30 patients without DM. Basal gastric pH of each group counted. Basal gastric pH was measured by inserting electrode catheter into the stomach for 30 minutes and then recorded on PH Metri brand Digitrapper pH-Z. Complication of DM was measured by microalbuminuria, while blood sugar control was measured by HbA1c. Chi-square test was done to look for difference of gastric pH between the diabetic patients group and non-diabetic patients group, by first determining the point of intersection with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Correlation test between basal gastric pH with microalbuminuria and HbA1c were done.Results: Basal gastric pH in dyspepsia patients with DM vs. dyspepsia patients without DM was 2.30 ± 0.83 vs. 2.19 ± 0.52. With the Chi-square test, there is a significant difference between the diabetic patients group and non-diabetic patients group. With the correlation test between gastric pH and microalbuminuria was found r = 0.47 and p 0.05.Conclusion: There is a significant difference between basal gastric pH in diabetic dyspepsia patients and non-diabetic dyspepsia patients. There is a correlation between basal gastric pH and microalbuminuria, whereas there is no correlation between basal gastric pH and HbA1c