Optical grid networking exploiting path computation element (PCE) architecture

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Scaling Property of the global string in the radiation dominated universe

We investigate the evolution of the global string network in the radiation dominated universe by use of numerical simulations in 3+1 dimensions. We find that the global string network settles down to the scaling regime where the energy density of global strings, $\rho_{s}$, is given by $\rho_{s} = \xi \mu / t^2$ with $\mu$ the string tension per unit length and the scaling parameter, $\xi \sim (0.9-1.3)$, irrespective of the cosmic time. We also find that the loop distribution function can be fitted with that predicted by the so-called one scale model. Concretely, the number density, $n_{l}(t)$, of the loop with the length, $l$, is given by $n_{l}(t) = \nu/[t^{3/2} (l + \kappa t)^{5/2}]$ where $\nu \sim 0.0865$ and $\kappa$ is related with the Nambu-Goldstone(NG) boson radiation power from global strings, $P$, as $P = \kappa \mu$ with $\kappa \sim 0.535$. Therefore, the loop production function also scales and the typical scale of produced loops is nearly the horizon distance. Thus, the evolution of the global string network in the radiation dominated universe can be well described by the one scale model in contrast with that of the local string network.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Introducing path computation element (PCE) in optical grid networking

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A field-trial of on-demand integration of grid and innovative wavelength multicasting service over WSON for emerging frontier applications

To enable the quick applications and services of new-born innovative optical network service (INS) in largescale high-end grid computing, we propose an overlay approach to integrate grid and emerging INS resources establishing the value-added optical grid network flexibly cross over multi-domain WSONs. In particular, we introduce an edge-mode approach which flexibly leverages new multifunction wavelength selective multicasting (WSM) at a special edge close to the core node. To integrate grid and innovative optical network technologies efficiently, we propose a unified platform - optical grid/INS network infrastructure (OGINI). Through field trial experiments over a developed metropolitan-scale wavelength switched optical network (WSON) test-bed, the feasibility of the proposed WSM scheme in the optical transmission systems and the totally automated value-added OGN constructions supported by the proposed OGINI have been verified successfully