Aplikasi Fosfin Formulasi Cair Terhadap Thrips Parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Pada Bunga Potong Krisan

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) as one of horticultural commodities has a good prospect to be developed as source of country revenue. The export of cut flowers of chrysanthemum from Indonesia tends to increase year by year. However, Thrips parvispinus Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) which is major insect pest of chrysanthemum often attacks this flower in the field until postharvest causing the decrease of quality of flowers. The poor quality of cut flowers of chrysanthemum including the presence of T. parvispinus will be rejected by foreign businesses. Therefore, control measures of this insect pest by quarantine officers are important. Treatment can be done using liquified formulation phosphine fumigant. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of liquified formulation phosphine and exposure time which will were effectively kill T. parvispinus and to evaluate the quality of cut flowers of chrysanthemums treated with phosphine fumigant. T. parvispinus was exposed to liquied formulation phosphine at 9 concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 ppm) with 3 exposure times (1, 3, and 6 hours). Moreover, validation test of concentration nd exposure time of liquified formulation phosphine on cut flowers of chrysanthemum was conducted to evaluate the quality of chrysanthemum cut flowers of treated with phosphine fumigant. Results showed that liquified formulation of phosphine at concentration of 200 ppm and on 1 hour of exposure time completely killed T. parvispinus by 100% mortality. At 200 ppm and exposure time until 6 hours did not affect the quality of cut flowers of chrysanthemum

Status resistensi terhadap fosfin pada Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) dari gudang penyimpanan biji kakao di Makassar Sulawesi Selatan

Pengendalian hama pada biji kakao di penyimpanan umumnya dilakukan melalui fumigasi dengan fosfin. Serangga hama yang terpapar fosfin dalam jangka panjang dan pelaksanaan fumigasi yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan berkembangnya strain serangga yang resisten terhadap fosfin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status resistensi serangga kumbang tepung merah Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) terhadap fosfin yang dikoleksi dari gudang penyimpanan biji kakao di Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan dan mengonfirmasi hasil pengujian resistensi melalui pengujian efikasi lapangan untuk mendapatkan dosis fosfin efektif terhadap serangga resisten. Studi dilakukan dengan melakukan koleksi T. castaneum di 5 gudang penyimpanan biji kakao di Makassar, selanjutnya diuji resistensi imago, pupa, dan larva T. castaneum di laboratorium menggunakan metode standar rekomendasi FAO dan menguji efikasi lapangan imago, pupa, dan larva serangga yang terdeteksi resisten terhadap fosfin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resistensi T. castaneum terhadap fosfin telah terjadi. Imago, pupa, dan larva T. castaneum telah resisten dengan faktor resistensi berturut-turut sebesar 1,15–8,08, 1,58–13,63, 1,53–3,25 kali. Hasil pengujian efikasi lapangan menunjukkan bahwa dosis fosfin 2 tablet/m3 efektif mengendalikan strain resisten imago, larva, dan pupa T. castaneum

Keefektifan Tiga Jenis Perangkap Serangga untuk Deteksi Serangga Hama Gudang yang Menyerang Bungkil Kopra

Stored product insect can cause consumer rejection and economic loss due to quality concerns and phytosanitary regulation. Insect traps have been regularly used as a control method, however its effectiveness on controlling stored copra meal insect pests is not yet known.This study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of three types of insect traps for detection of insect pests of copra meal.The three types of insect traps were pitfall trap, probe trap, and ultraviolet (UV) light trap (blacklight and LED-light emiting diodes). Research was conducted at Laboratory of Entomology SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor and two storage facilities of copra meal in North Sulawesi. Laboratory experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with two factors and four replications. The first factor was the types of insect traps (pitfall trap, probe trap, and probe trap with UV LED) and the second factor was insect species (Lasioderma serricorne (Herbst) and Tribolium castaneum (Fabricius)). The experiment at storage facilities was conducted with nested block design where the insect species trapped were nested in the insect traps. The result of laboratory experiment showed that the probe trap captured more insects (30.4%) significantly higher than pitfall trap (17.1%), however there was no significant difference of number of insects trapped in probe trap with and without UV LED. In addition the probe trap captured more T. castaneum and Tenebroides mauritanicus than other type of insects trap, but probe trap with UV LED was more effective to detect L. serricorne and Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius) in the stored copra meal

Potensi Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut sebagai Fumigan Nabati terhadap Araecerus Fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) pada Biji Kakao di Tempat Penyimpanan

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is one of the important commodities in Indonesia. The quality of cocoa beans has decreased during storage, one of which is due to the attack of Araecerus Fasciculatus (De Geer). This pest attack can be overcome by fumigation that is safe for the environment through the use of essential oil. The study aimed to examine the mortality and repellent effects of kaffir lime leaves essential oil (KLLEO) to A. Fasciculatus and to analyze the compound content of active fraction KLLEO using GC-MS. Research stages included maintenance and insect rearing, toxicity and repellency tests, fractionation, and analysis of active fraction compounds of essential oils. The study was designed using CRD with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The n-hexane fraction of KLLEO caused the highest mortality of A. Fasciculatus adults after 72 hours of fumigation. The LD50 and LD95 values of the n-hexane fraction of KLLEO were 0.30 and 1.66 ml/l air, respectively. The dose at 1 ml/l air caused the highest mortality of A. Fasciculatus adult by 73.75%. Examine using an olfactometer, KLLEO has high repellency against adult A. Fasciculatus with the value of the repellency index reaching 100% at 1 ml/l air. The most dominant compound in the n-hexane fraction of KLLEO was the citronellal. Therefore, the KLLEO has some potential to be expanded as a botanical fumigant towards A. Fasciculatus

Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Mentha Piperita and Syzygium Aromaticum Essential Oil Fractions Against Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) is one of the major, common, pests of stored grains as it causes quantitative and qualitative losses in legume crops. This research sought to find the most active fraction in Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils, to evaluate bioactivity of those crude essential oils and active fractions against C. maculatus, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. The essential oils were fractionated using three solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The n-hexane fraction was identified as the active fraction, causing mortality, oviposition deterrence, and ovicidal effects. In fumigation chambers, LD95 values of M. piperita (Mnf) and S. aromaticum n-hexane fractions (Snf) were 0.045 ml/l and 0.057 ml/l respectively. ED50 values for oviposition deterrence were 0.016 ml/l for Mnf and 0.022 ml/l for Snf. ED50 value of ovicidal effects for Mnf- and Snf-treated eggs were 0.014 ml/l for both fractions. GC-MS analysis showed 8 dominant compounds in Mnf and 5 dominant compounds in Snf. Overall it is concluded that Mnf and Snf oils have effective biological activities against stored pest C. maculatus and have potential to be considered as alternatives to synthetic insecticides

Decomposition of Wood by Termites in Different Types of Land Use

Decomposition is an important process in nature, as it can break down organic matter into smaller particles and nutrients. Nutrients are returned to the environment and can be reused by other organisms. One important organism that plays a role in the decomposition process is termites because termites are able to decompose organic matter such as wood in all habitats. Different termite habitats can be seen in terms of different types of land use. Some types of land use, such as natural forests, secondary forests, palm oil plantations, and settlements, can be used as a test site for wood decomposition by termites. All types of land use can be found in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study was to study the decomposition of wood by termites in several different types of land use. Four types of land use are selected from habitats with the least disturbed conditions to the extent of high habitat disturbances, namely natural forests, secondary forests, palm oil plantations, and settlements. The study was conducted in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research method uses pine wood bait (Pinus merkusii), measuring 1.9 cm x 1.9 cm x 25 cm. The wooden bait is winded for seven days, and the wood bait is weighed to gain its initial weight and measured moisture content. Furthermore, wood bait that has been installed is observed and re-weighed to gain final weight and measured water content. The results showed that deforestation in Dharmasraya, West Sumatra had an effect on reducing wood decomposition by termites. Five (5) termite species were found in wood bait, including Pericapritermes sp.1, Microtermes sp.1, Schedorhinotermes sp.1, Macrotermes gilvus, and Coptotermes curvignathus

Agresi Intraspesifik Dan Waktu Penemuan Makanan Pada Semut Invasif Anoplolepis Gracilipes Di Kebun Raya Bogor

We studied the distribution of the Yellow Crazy Ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG). Biological invasions by A. gracilipes can negatively impact other species. Individual nests of this ant can form supercolonies within which aggression is absent, intraspecific aggression occurs between workers from different supercolonies. The aim of this research was to study aggression between and resource discovery of different A. gracilipes supercolonies in BBG. Intraspecific aggression was calculated as three different aggression indices obtained by performing intercolonial arena encounters. Resource discovery was measured as time until honey baits in known distances to colony entrances were discovered. In 2013, we encountered five spatially distinct nest clusters of A. gracilipes in BBG, which cover ca. 25% of its area. Aggression tests showed that workers from KRB 1 were significantly more aggressive towards each other. The absence of intercolonial aggression between three of five nest clusters suggested that they actually belong to the same supercolony. On average, A. gracilipes needed less than 1 hour to find the food on bait plate in 20 m distance. We found 3 supercolonies of A. gracilipes which derived from 5 spatially distinct cluster of nests in BBG