Aloe Vera Assisted Green Synthesis of Ag and Cu CO-Doped Zno Nanoparticles and a Comprehensive Analysis of Their Structural, Morphological, Optical, Electrical and Antibacterial Properties

This study investigates the potential of utilizing Aloe vera-assisted green synthesis with transition metal dopants of Ag and Cu for greater efficiency and sustainability in advanced scientific applications utilizing ZnO nanoparticles. Samples were prepared using the co-precipitation method, maintaining a basic pH media of 10. Aloe vera gel extract was chosen for its acclaimed role as a stabilizing and reducing agent and its proven antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The XRD report revealed the hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure of nanoparticles, exhibiting a crystallite size range of 17-23 nm with substantial alterations in lattice parameters, dislocation density, and bond lengths when dopants were added. Additionally, EDX analysis confirmed the perfect doping of Ag and Cu in ZnO without any impurities. SEM analysis indicated a reduction in agglomeration, accompanied by a transition in particle morphology from columnar to globular. Additionally, the optical study showed a band gap range of 3.18-3.27 eV, confirming it to be a wide band gap semiconductor. The effect of dopants resulted in an increase in transparency and band gap, while a decrease in absorption coefficient in the visible wavelength region. With increasing temperature, a decline in electrical resistivity was noted, with co-doped nanoparticles consistently exhibiting the lowest resistivity, affirming semiconductor characteristics. Most importantly, A remarkable antibacterial efficacy was noticed at low concentrations against gram-positiv

Impacts of Unplanned Urbanization on the Socio–Economic Conditions and Environment of Pabna Municipality, Bangladesh

Urbanization plays a significant role to progress and develop the human civilization because it radically changes the basic foundation of the ingredients of social, economic, political and cultural structures of a society and the country as well. Sustainable development can be acquired with the implementation of successful urban planning but a city or town even a country can be gradually unsuitable for living if the urbanization process is unplanned and haphazard. This study was based on the process of unplanned urbanization in Pabna municipality of Bangladesh and also dealt its effects on the current socio – economic conditions. The study showed that Pabna municipality is gradually developed owing to the unplanned urbanization yet many solemn and highly risky problems are perceiving and detecting for both human and environment such as overpopulation, haphazard housing service, health burdens, urban poverty, crime, child labor, erratic education system, mismanagement of waste, deforestation, air, water, sound and soil pollutions,  carbon emission, environmental hazards, traffic jam, mis– and unemployment, improper drainage system, inadequate entertainment facilities, drug abuse, vulnerable ecosystem, medley lifestyle and culture etc. Finally, the study made some highly effective suggestions and policy recommendations for escaping from these conditions by which Pabna municipality would be familiar as a model urban region in Bangladesh

Status of fish and shellfish diversity and their decline factors in the Rupsa River of Khulna in Bangladesh

The study was aimed to find out the present status and causes of fish and shellfish diversity reduction in the Rupsa River of Bangladesh. Studies were conducted for a period of 6 months from July to December 2016. Focus group discussions (FGD), questionnaire interviews (QI) and key informant interviews (KII) were done to collect appropriate data from the local fishers and resource persons. A total of 62 species of fish and shellfish from 23 families were found in the river and 9 species disappeared in last 10 years. The species availability status was remarked in three categories and obtained as 14 species were commonly available, 28 species were moderately available and 20 species were rarely available. The highest percentage of fishes was catfishes (24.19%). There was a gradual reduction in the species diversity from previous 71 species to present 62 species with 12.68% declined by last 10 years. Average fish catch per fishermen per day reduced from 8.35 kg to 2.95 kg in last 10 years. Combined effects of some manmade and environmental factors are responsible for the loss of biodiversity. Majority of the respondents (90%) agreed that two manmade factors namely overfishing and navigation are mainly responsible for the loss of fish and shellfish diversity in the river followed by use of illegal fishing gears (86%), pollution (72.5%) and urbanization (64%). During the survey, 93.25% respondents reported water depth reduction as the main environmental factor followed by siltation and sedimentation (91%), temperature (61.75%) and turbidity (56%). The present work recommends preventing water pollution, maintaining fishing gears, increasing fishers’ awareness, implementing fisheries laws and establishing fish sanctuary to conserve finfish and shellfish diversity in the river. Moreover, counter and random surveys are also recommended to crosscheck the fishes’ status and decline causes for ensuring their proper management and conservation

Graphics process unit accelerated lattice Boltzmann simulation of indoor air flow: Effects of sub-grid scale model in large-eddy simulation

In this present study, three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method is implemented with the popular turbulence modeling method large-eddy simulation incorporating three different non-dynamic sub-grid scale models Smagorinsky, Vreman, and wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity for finding the inhomogeneous turbulent airflow patterns inside a model room with a partition. The large eddy simulation-lattice Boltzmann method code is validated with the experimental results of Posner’s model, where the model room having one partition at the bottom, one inlet, an outlet placed at top wall considered for the comparisons. The lattice Boltzmann method code is also validated without any sub-grid scale model with the results of lid-driven flow in a cubic cavity. The present numerical simulations are performed by the graphics process unit accelerated parallel programs using compute unified device architecture C platform. Double precession capable a Tesla k40 with 2880 compute unified device architecture cores NVIDIA graphics process unit card has been used for these simulations. Graphics processor units have gained popularity in recent years as a propitious platform for numerical simulation of fluid dynamics. In fact, faster computational task performance in graphics process units is one of the key factors for researchers to choose graphics process unit over conventional central processing units for the implementation of data-intensive numerical methods like lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of the sub-grid scale model have been evaluated in terms of the mean velocity profiles, streamlines as well as turbulence characteristics and found that there are significant differences in the results due to the different sub-grid scale models

Aloe vera assisted green synthesis of Ag and Cu co-doped ZnO nanoparticles and a comprehensive analysis of their structural, morphological, optical, electrical and antibacterial properties

This study investigates the potential of utilizing Aloe vera-assisted green synthesis with transition metal dopants of Ag and Cu for greater efficiency and sustainability in advanced scientific applications utilizing ZnO nanoparticles. Samples were prepared using the co-precipitation method, maintaining a basic pH media of 10. Aloe vera gel extract was chosen for its acclaimed role as a stabilizing and reducing agent and its proven antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The XRD report revealed the hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure of nanoparticles, exhibiting a crystallite size range of 17–23 nm with substantial alterations in lattice parameters, dislocation density, and bond lengths when dopants were added. Additionally, EDX analysis confirmed the perfect doping of Ag and Cu in ZnO without any impurities. SEM analysis indicated a reduction in agglomeration, accompanied by a transition in particle morphology from columnar to globular. Additionally, the optical study showed a band gap range of 3.18–3.27 eV, confirming it to be a wide band gap semiconductor. The effect of dopants resulted in an increase in transparency and band gap, while a decrease in absorption coefficient in the visible wavelength region. With increasing temperature, a decline in electrical resistivity was noted, with co-doped nanoparticles consistently exhibiting the lowest resistivity, affirming semiconductor characteristics. Most importantly, A remarkable antibacterial efficacy was noticed at low concentrations against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The zone of inhibition produced by nanoparticles exhibited values akin to the antibiotic control, even at substantially lower doses. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the effects of Ag and Cu in Aloe vera-assisted green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, concurrently addressing their potential applications in biomedical, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices

An approach to investigate the structural, morphological, and optical properties of spray pyrolyzed B and Mg co-doped ZnO thin films

Thin films of Boron (B) and Magnesium (Mg) co-doped Zinc Oxide (BMZO) were produced by spray pyrolysis on a glass substrate at a temperature of 350 °C. This study considers BZO as the base material and then varies the Mg (as dopant) percentage to produce BMZO thin films. The surface morphology and structural aspects of the films are affected by different doping concentrations. By altering the Mg (dopant) content between 1%, 3%, and 5%, the influence of varied doping concentrations on the surface morphology and structural properties of the BMZO thin films was examined and discussed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the surface morphology and structural characteristics of the synthesized films. All ZnO films, according to X-ray diffraction, are polycrystalline and preferred orientations along the (100), (002), (101), (102), and (110). The prominent peak orientation of the crystal was in the (002) direction. A typical hexagonal wurtzite structure was identified in the films, with crystallite sizes ranging from 6.12 to 13.5 nm. The Crystallite size increased with Mg doping up to a certain threshold (3% Mg doping), and then decreased with more doping. According to SEM results, nano-fiber diameter and area grew when Mg concentration in MgxB.03Zn.97-xO (BMZO) increased and subsequently decreased at 5% Mg-doped BZO. The optical characterization was done using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Transparency of the films was very high (above 90%) in the ultraviolet range of spectral for 3% Mg-doped BZO with a corresponding band-gap was 3.28 eV. Transparency reduced slightly for 1% Mg-doped and undoped BZO with increasing deposition concentration, while it decreased significantly for 5% Mg-doped BZO

Nano synthesis of ZnO–TiO2 composites by sol-gel method and evaluation of their antibacterial, optical and photocatalytic activities

85ZnO–15TiO2, 75ZnO–25TiO2, and 65ZnO–35TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel method. The structural, morphological, antibacterial, optical and photocatalytic performances were analyzed. Three phases, i.e., hexagonal wurtzite, anatase, and hexagonal ZnTiO3 were detected for each of the specimens. The crystallite size reduced as the TiO2 content increased, whereas the corresponding values for 65ZnO–35TiO2 were 39.02 nm (ZnO), 20.40 nm (anatase) and 34.89 nm (ZnTiO3). A particle size reduction phenomenon was observed as approaching from 85ZnO–15TiO2 (66 nm) to 65ZnO–35TiO2 (47 nm). The antibacterial activity was measured through the inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria by ZnO–TiO2. The maximum inhibition zone for bacterial growth was achieved for 65ZnO–35TiO2 (19.7 mm). Two types of absorption bands were obtained within the UV–Visible region. However, the blue shifting of these bands resulted in the enhanced band gap. Moreover, 65ZnO–35TiO2 demonstrated the highest photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue dye backing the reason for the lowest particle size (47 nm). The photodegradation efficiency values of 85ZnO–15TiO2, 75ZnO–25TiO2 and 65ZnO–35TiO2 at 100 min were 72.9%, 80.2%, 90.7% respectively

Internet of medical things and blockchain-enabled patient-centric agent through SDN for remote patient monitoring in 5G network

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the use of internet resources for accessing medical care, resulting in the development and advancement of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). This technology utilizes a range of medical equipment and testing software to broadcast patient results over the internet, hence enabling the provision of remote healthcare services. Nevertheless, the preservation of privacy and security in the realm of online communication continues to provide a significant and pressing obstacle. Blockchain technology has shown the potential to mitigate security apprehensions across several sectors, such as the healthcare industry. Recent advancements in research have included intelligent agents in patient monitoring systems by integrating blockchain technology. However, the conventional network configuration of the agent and blockchain introduces a level of complexity. In order to address this disparity, we present a proposed architectural framework that combines software defined networking (SDN) with Blockchain technology. This framework is specially tailored for the purpose of facilitating remote patient monitoring systems within the context of a 5G environment. The architectural design contains a patient-centric agent (PCA) inside the SDN control plane for the purpose of managing user data on behalf of the patients. The appropriate handling of patient data is ensured by the PCA via the provision of essential instructions to the forwarding devices. The suggested model is assessed using hyperledger fabric on docker-engine, and its performance is compared to that of current models in fifth generation (5G) networks. The performance of our suggested model surpasses current methodologies, as shown by our extensive study including factors such as throughput, dependability, communication overhead, and packet error rate

Fenugreek seed powder protects mice against arsenic-induced neurobehavioral changes

The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed powder against As-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical perturbations using a mouse model. Mice exposed to arsenic at 10 mg/kg body weight showed development of anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment compared to control mice in elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests, respectively. A significantly decreased acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were found in the brain of arsenic-exposed mice compared to control mice. Interestingly, supplementation of fenugreek seed powder to arsenic-treated mice significantly restored the activity of cholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase) as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the brain tissue of arsenic-exposed mice. Consequently, reduced anxiety-like behavior, improved learning and memory were observed in fenugreek supplemented arsenic treated mice compared to only arsenic-exposed mice group. Thus, this study suggests that fenugreek seed powder reduces arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in mice